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      Repeatability of antral follicle count according parity in dairy cows

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          Abstract

          Ovarian reserve in cattle can be predicted by an indicator, the antral follicle count (AFC), which is easily determined via ovarian ultrasonography. However, the repeatability of AFC measurements in the same individual taken approximately 1 year apart after first parity remains unclear. This study, thus, aimed to clarify the between-lactation repeatability of AFC after first parity in dairy cows. We measured the AFC of the same individual cows consecutively across both first and second parity, both second and third parity, and both third and fourth parity in 31, 37, and 26 heads, respectively. The values of the intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) for the AFCs in first–second and second–third parity cows were more than 0.8, and the value of the ICC for the AFCs in third–fourth parity cows was significantly lower than that in first–second parity cows (P = 0.01). Subsequently, based on the average number of AFCs measured at some points from first to third parity, we classified the cows into three tertiles: <11 (low), 11–15 (intermediate), and ≥ 15 (high). We then compared the reproductive performance of the first through third parity cows among the groups. The hazards of pregnancy by 200 days postpartum were higher in the high group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). Our findings demonstrate that between-lactation repeatability of AFC from first through third parity in dairy cows is very high, and that cows with an AFC of ≥ 15 have a better reproductive performance than cows with a low AFC.

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          Controlling the False Discovery Rate: A Practical and Powerful Approach to Multiple Testing

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            Antral follicle count reliably predicts number of morphologically healthy oocytes and follicles in ovaries of young adult cattle.

            Methods to predict numbers of healthy oocytes in the ovaries of young adults could have important diagnostic relevance in family planning and animal agriculture. We have observed that peak antral follicle count (AFC) determined by serial ovarian ultrasonography during follicular waves is very highly reproducible within individual young adult cattle, despite 7-fold variation among animals. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that AFC is positively associated with the number of morphologically healthy oocytes and follicles in ovaries and with serum concentrations of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), an indirect marker for number of healthy follicles and oocytes in ovaries. In the present study, age-matched young adult cattle (12-18 mo old) were subjected to serial ultrasonography to identify animals with a consistently high (> or =25 follicles that were > or =3 mm in diameter) or low (< or =15 follicles) AFC during follicular waves. Differences in serum AMH concentrations, ovary weight, and number of morphologically healthy and atretic follicles and oocytes were determined. The phenotypic classifications of cattle based on AFC during follicular waves or AMH concentrations both predict reliably the relative number of morphologically healthy follicles and oocytes in ovaries of age-matched young adult cattle.
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              High reproducibility of serum anti-Mullerian hormone measurements suggests a multi-staged follicular secretion and strengthens its role in the assessment of ovarian follicular status.

              Our aim was to compare the intercycle reproducibility of serum anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) measurements with that of other markers of ovarian follicular status. Forty-seven normo-ovulatory, infertile women underwent serum AMH, inhibin B, estradiol and FSH measurements and early antral follicle (2-12 mm in diameter) counts by transvaginal ultrasound on cycle day 3 during three consecutive menstrual cycles. Reproducibility of measurements was estimated using intra-class correlation coefficient (ICC) calculation. We also assessed the number of replicate measurements theoretically needed to reach satisfactory reliability of results. Serum AMH showed significantly higher reproducibility (ICC, 0.89; 95% confidence interval, 0.83-0.94) than inhibin B (0.76; 0.66-0.86; P < 0.03), estradiol (0.22; 0.03-0.41; P < 0.0001) and FSH levels (0.55; 0.39-0.71; P < 0.01), and early antral follicle counts (0.73; 0.62-0.84; P < 0.001), and reached satisfactory reliability with a single measurement. The improved cycle-to-cycle consistency of AMH as compared with other markers of ovarian follicular status is in keeping with its peculiar production by follicles at several developmental stages and further supports its role as a cost-effective, reliable marker of ovarian fertility potential.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                J Reprod Dev
                J. Reprod. Dev
                JRD
                The Journal of Reproduction and Development
                The Society for Reproduction and Development
                0916-8818
                1348-4400
                09 October 2018
                December 2018
                : 64
                : 6
                : 535-539
                Affiliations
                [1) ]Dairy Research Center, Hokkaido Research Organization, Hokkaido 086-1135, Japan
                Author notes
                Correspondence: K Koyama (e-mail: koyama-keisuke@ 123456hro.or.jp )
                Article
                2018-062
                10.1262/jrd.2018-062
                6305846
                30298823
                191054d3-a520-4488-a864-7cc50c58ac27
                ©2018 Society for Reproduction and Development

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial No Derivatives (by-nc-nd) License. (CC-BY-NC-ND 4.0: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/)

                History
                : 24 April 2018
                : 24 September 2018
                Categories
                Original Article

                antral follicle count,dairy cows,ovarian reserve,repeatability

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