14
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
1 collections
    0
    shares

      Call for Papers: Sex and Gender in Neurodegenerative Diseases

      Submit here before September 30, 2024

      About Neurodegenerative Diseases: 3.0 Impact Factor I 4.3 CiteScore I 0.695 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found

      Distribution of Neuronal Melanocortins in the Spadefoot Toad Spea multiplicata and Effects of Stress

      review-article

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisherPubMed
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          We examined the effects of an acute stressor on regional alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (αMSH) content in the New Mexican spadefoot toad, Spea multiplicata. We first used immunocytochemistry along with radioimmunoassay (RIA) to examine the distribution of pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons in the brain of Spea. Neurons immunoreactive for αMSH, β-endorphin, and corticotropin were observed in the preoptic nucleus and ventral infundibulum of the hypothalamus. Ascending immunoreactive fibers projected to the olfactory nucleus, nucleus accumbens, and striatum. Numerous immunoreactive fibers were also observed in the hypothalamus. The thalamus/hypothalamus (T/HT) contained the greatest concentrations of αMSH as determined by RIA followed by the preoptic area (PO). Levels in the telencephalon, brain stem, and optic tectum (OT) were 14–23 times lower than in the T/HT. Exposure to a brief stressor elevated αMSH levels in the PO and OT. We conclude that Spea possesses two distinct POMC neuronal cell groups, one located in the anterior preoptic area and one located in the ventral infundibulum. Ascending projections to the basal ganglia might play an indirect role in tectal regulation and the control of prey-catching behavior. Exposure to an acute stressor alters brain αMSH content in Spea, although there are regional and temporal differences in the response pattern compared to Bufo. These findings are consistent with the notion that neuronal melanocortins influence how frogs and toads gather information about their environment during stress.

          Related collections

          Most cited references15

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: not found
          • Article: not found

          Melanin-Concentrating Hormone-Producing Neurons in Reptiles

            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Unrelated peptide immunoreactivities coexist in neurons of the rat lateral dorsal hypothalamus: human growth hormone-releasing factor1-37-, salmon melanin-concentrating hormone- and alpha-melanotropin-like substances.

            Antisera raised against 3 unrelated synthetic neuropeptides - salmon melanin-concentrating hormone, human growth hormone-releasing factor1-37, and alpha-melanotropin - stained the same extensive neuron population in lateral and dorsal areas of the posterior hypothalamus. Controls for specificity have shown that these 3 antisera bind 3 different epitopes. Differences in intracellular staining patterns suggest that these epitopes could be borne by distinct peptides.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Distribution of pro-opiomelanocortin and its peptide end products in the brain and hypophysis of the aquatic toad, Xenopus laevis.

              Using in situ hybridization with a pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC)-mRNA probe and immunocytochemistry with antisera to POMC and to various POMC-derived peptides, it is shown that melanotrope cells in the pars intermedia of the hypophysis of the South African aquatic toad Xenopus laevis contain POMC, alpha-melanophore-stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH), gamma-MSH, acetylated and non-acetylated endorphins and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH). With the exception of gamma-MSH, these peptides are also found in the corticotrope cells in the rostral pars distalis. In the Xenopus brain, neuronal cell bodies in the ventral hypothalamic nucleus express POMC, alpha-MSH, gamma-MSH, non-acetylated endorphins and ACTH, neurones in the anterior preoptic area reveal POMC, alpha-MSH, gamma-MSH and non-acetylated endorphin, neurones in the suprachiasmatic nucleus contain alpha-MSH, non-acetylated endorphin and ACTH and neurones in the posterior tubercle show alpha-MSH, non-acetylated endorphin and ACTH immunoreactivities. In the locus coeruleus POMC and ACTH coexist, whereas alpha-MSH and non-acetylated endorphin occur together in the nucleus accumbens, the striatum and the nucleus of the paraventricular organ. Finally, alpha-MSH alone is present in the olfactory bulb, the medial septum, the medial and lateral parts of the amygdala, the ventromedial and posterior thalamic nuclei, the optic tectum and the anteroventral tegmental nucleus, and non-acetylated endorphin alone appears in the epiphysis. It is suggested that neurones that form POMC-derived peptides may play a direct or indirect role in the control of POMC-producing hypophyseal cells and/or in the physiological processes these endocrine cells regulate. This idea is supported by the fact that the suprachiasmatic nucleus and the locus coeruleus, both involved in melanotrope cell control, show POMC and POMC-peptide expression. A possible involvement in melanotrope and/or corticotrope control of the anterior preoptic and ventral hypothalamic nuclei, which both express POMC and various POMC-derived peptides, deserves future attention.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                BBE
                Brain Behav Evol
                10.1159/issn.0006-8977
                Brain, Behavior and Evolution
                S. Karger AG
                0006-8977
                1421-9743
                2001
                March 2001
                09 August 2001
                : 57
                : 3
                : 150-160
                Affiliations
                Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Tex., USA
                Article
                47233 Brain Behav Evol 2001;57:150–160
                10.1159/000047233
                11509823
                1934ed64-209c-4666-a503-d63997247dbf
                © 2001 S. Karger AG, Basel

                Copyright: All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be translated into other languages, reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, microcopying, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Drug Dosage: The authors and the publisher have exerted every effort to ensure that drug selection and dosage set forth in this text are in accord with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication. However, in view of ongoing research, changes in government regulations, and the constant flow of information relating to drug therapy and drug reactions, the reader is urged to check the package insert for each drug for any changes in indications and dosage and for added warnings and precautions. This is particularly important when the recommended agent is a new and/or infrequently employed drug. Disclaimer: The statements, opinions and data contained in this publication are solely those of the individual authors and contributors and not of the publishers and the editor(s). The appearance of advertisements or/and product references in the publication is not a warranty, endorsement, or approval of the products or services advertised or of their effectiveness, quality or safety. The publisher and the editor(s) disclaim responsibility for any injury to persons or property resulting from any ideas, methods, instructions or products referred to in the content or advertisements.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 1, References: 65, Pages: 11
                Categories
                Original Paper

                Geriatric medicine,Neurology,Cardiovascular Medicine,Neurosciences,Clinical Psychology & Psychiatry,Public health
                Amphibian,Striatum,Radioimmunoassay,Endorphin,Adrenocorticotropin,Melanocyte-stimulating hormone,Nucleus accumbens basal ganglia,Pro-opiomelanocortin

                Comments

                Comment on this article