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      Sintomatología del síndrome de burnout en deportistas: un estudio con metodología Delphi Translated title: Sintomatologia da síndrome de burnout em atleta: um estudo com metodologia Delphi Translated title: Athletes burnout symptomatology: a Delphi methodology study

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El objetivo de esta investigación fue describir los síntomas conductuales, cognitivos y fisiológicos del síndrome de burnout en deportistas, así como conocer si existen diferencias en la percepción del síndrome de burnout entre un grupo de expertos que habían tenido algún deportista con burnout y otro que no lo había tenido. Los participantes del estudio fueron 28 expertos en Psicología del Deporte, 11 mujeres y 17 hombres (M edad = 46,75 años; DT = 10,98) a quienes se les administró tres cuestionarios semiestructurados Delphi diseñados específicamente por los investigadores. Ambos grupos destacan como síntomas conductuales: falta de adherencia al entrenamiento y bajo rendimiento deportivo; como síntomas cognitivos: desvalorización de la práctica deportiva e ideas de abandono del deporte; y como síntomas fisiológicos: tensión, y agotamiento físico. Con el acercamiento a la sintomatología característica presentada por los deportistas con el síndrome en este estudio se ha pretendido obtener una mejor comprensión del burnout en el ámbito deportivo. En función de esta información, se podrían desarrollar estrategias tanto de prevención como de intervención, dirigidas a prevenir o tratar la principal sintomatología.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O objetivo desta pesquisa foi aumentar o conhecimento sobre os sintomas comportamentais, cognitivos e fisiológicos da síndrome de burnout em atletas, bem como saber se existem diferenças na percepção da síndrome de burnout entre um grupo de especialistas que teve um atleta com burnout e outro que não teve. Os participantes do estudo foram 28 especialistas em Psicologia do Esporte, 11 mulheres e 17 homens (idade M = 46,75 anos; DP = 10,98) que receberam três questionários Delphi semiestruturados, especificamente projetados por pesquisadores. Ambos os grupos se destacam como sintomas comportamentais: falta de adesão ao treinamento e baixo desempenho atlético; como sintomas cognitivos: desvalorização da prática esportiva e idéias de abandono do esporte; e como sintomas fisiológicos: tensão e exaustão física. Se plantean propuestas de futuro como analizar otras variables relacionadas con el síndrome. Com a abordagem da sintomatologia característica apresentada pelos atletas com a síndrome neste estudo, procuramos obter uma melhor compreensão do burnout no campo esportivo. Com base nesta informação, estratégias de prevenção e intervenção poderiam ser desenvolvidas, visando prevenir ou tratar os principais sintomas.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT The aim of the current research was to increase the knowledge of the behavioural, cognitive and physiological symptoms of burnout in athletes, additionally knowing if there are differences in the perception of burnout syndrome between a group of experts who had had an athlete with burnout and another who did not have it. The study participants were 28 experts in Sports Psychology, 11 women and 17 men (M age = 46.75 years; SD = 10.98) being administered three semi-structured Delphi questionnaires specifically designed by researchers. Both groups highlight as behavioural symptoms: lack of training adherence and low sport performance; as cognitive symptoms: sport devaluation and ideas of drop out of sport; and as physiological symptoms: tension and physical exhaustion. With the approach to the characteristic symptomatology presented by athletes with the syndrome in this study, we tried to get a better understanding of burnout in the sports field. Related to this information, both prevention and intervention strategies might be developed, aimed at preventing or treating the main symptomatology.

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          Most cited references49

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          The Strength Model of Self-Control

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            Is Athlete Burnout More than Just Stress? A Sport Commitment Perspective

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              Development and Preliminary Validation of an Athlete Burnout Measure.

              The purpose of this research was to develop a psychometrically sound measure of athlete burnout. In Study 1, exploratory factor analysis revealed burn-out dimensions reflective of emotional/physical exhaustion, reduced sense of swimming accomplishment, and swimming devaluation. In two subsequent studies, the psychometric properties of a refined version of this measure were examined. Independent samples of senior age-group swimmers and college athletes from a variety of sports completed a questionnaire that tapped the three burnout dimensions as well as stress- and motivation-related variables. Confirmatory factor analysis and alternative model testing supported the specified three-factor burnout model. In support of construct validity, the burnout subscales correlated positively with stress, trait anxiety, and amotivation, and correlated negatively with coping, social support, enjoyment, commitment, and intrinsic motivation indices across the two studies.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                cpd
                Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte
                CPD
                Universidad de Murcia (Murcia, Región de Murcia, Spain )
                1578-8423
                1989-5879
                December 2020
                : 20
                : 3
                : 15-25
                Affiliations
                [1] Murcia orgnameUniversidad de Murcia Spain
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Católica de Murcia España
                Article
                S1578-84232020000300002 S1578-8423(20)02000300002
                10.6018/cpd.367531
                193a4bcd-58a0-470f-b449-c281f89d8595

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 23 April 2020
                : 01 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 50, Pages: 11
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Psicología del Deporte

                burnout,percepción,deportista,técnica Delphi,perception,athlete,technique Delphi,percepção,atletas

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