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      Sobrepeso: uma nova realidade no estado nutricional de pré-escolares de Natal, RN Translated title: Prevalence of excess weight in preschoolers in the Northeast of Brazil

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          Abstract

          OBJETIVO: Determinar a prevalência do excesso de peso em pré-escolares na cidade de Natal e analisar as variáveis envolvidas como: gênero, idade, tipo de escola (pública e privada) e zonas da cidade. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal, realizado em 20 escolas e creches públicas e 20 escolas privadas, na cidade de Natal, no período de agosto a dezembro de 2004. Foram analisadas 3721 crianças de 2 a 6 anos. Considerou-se como excesso de peso todas as crianças com IMC > percentil 85 e sobrepeso aquelas com IMC > percentil 95. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de excesso de peso encontrada foi 26,5% (IC95%= 24,4-28,9), sendo 14,1% (IC95%=13,0-15,3) risco de sobrepeso e 12,4% (IC95%=11,4-13,6) sobrepeso. Foi observada maior prevalência de sobrepeso no gênero masculino (13,9%, IC95%=12,4-15,6), que no feminino (10,8%, IC95%=9,4-12,4) (p<0,01, Razão de prevalência [RP]=1,29, IC95%=1,08-1,53). O excesso de peso foi encontrado em 19,7% (IC95%=17,1-22,7) dos alunos da rede pública e em 32,5% (IC95%=29,3-35,9) da rede privada (p<0,01, RP=1,64, IC95%=1,47-1,84). Já as prevalências de sobrepeso foram 7,1% (IC95%=6,0-8,4) e 17,1% (IC95%=15,5-18,8), respectivamente (p<0,01, RP=2,41, IC95%=1,98-2,93). As zonas Leste + Sul, áreas com melhor índice de qualidade de vida da cidade, apresentaram maiores percentuais de excesso de peso (p<0,01) e sobrepeso (p<0,01). CONCLUSÃO: A prevalência do excesso de peso e sobrepeso em pré-escolares na cidade de Natal é alta, principalmente nas escolas privadas, demonstrando a necessidade de implantação de programas de prevenção e intervenção, a partir da educação infantil.

          Translated abstract

          OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of excess weight in preschoolers in Natal/RN and analyze the variables involved such as: gender, age, type of school (public and private) and city zones. METHODS: Transversal study was performed in 20 public and 20 private schools in Natal, Brazil, between August and December, 2004. A total of 3721 children, from 2 to 6 years of age were analyzed. Children whose BMI was > 85 percentile were considered as excess weight and those with BMI > 95 percentile as overweight . RESULTS: Prevalence of excess weight found was 26.5% (95%CI=24.4-28.9), with 14.1% (95%CI=13.0-15.3) risk of overweight and 12.4% (95%CI=11.4-13.6) overweight. In overweight children there were more males (13.9%, 95%CI=12.4-15.6) than females (10.8%, 95%CI=9.4-12.4) (p<0.01, Prevalence ratio [PR]=1.29, 95%CI=1.08-1.53). Excess weight was found in 19.7% (95%CI=17.1-22.7) of public school students and in 32.5% (95%CI=29.3-35.9) of private school students (p<0.01, [PR]=1.64, 95%CI=1.47-1.84). Overweight prevalence was 7.1% (95%CI=6.0-8.4) and 17.1% (95%CI=15.5-18.8), respectively (p<0.01, [PR]=2.41, 95%CI=1.98-2.93). The East + South zones, areas with a better quality of life index, showed higher percentages of excess weight (p<0.01) and overweight (p<0.01) than the North +West zones. CONCLUSION: Excess weight and overweight prevalence in preschoolers in Natal is high, mainly in private schools, showing the need to implement prevention and intervention programs.

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          Anthropometry provides the single most portable, universally applicable, inexpensive and non-invasive technique for assessing the size, proportions, and composition of the human body. It reflects both health and nutritional status and predicts performance, health, and survival. As such, it is a valuable, but currently underused, tool for guiding public health policy and clinical decisions. This report presents the conclusions and comprehensive recommendations of a WHO Expert Committee for the present and future uses and interpretation of anthropometry. In a section that sets the technical framework for the report, the significance of anthropometric indicators and indices is explained and the principles of applied biostatistics and epidemiology that underlie their various uses are discussed. Subsequent sections provide detailed guidance on the use and interpretation of anthropometric measurements in pregnant and lactating women, newborn infants, infants and children, adolescents, overweight and thin adults, and adults aged 60 years and over. With a similar format for each section, the report assesses specific applications of anthropometry in individuals and populations for purposes of screening and for targeting and evaluating interventions. Advice on data management and analysis is offered, and methods of taking particular measurements are described. Each section also includes a discussion of the extent, reliability and universal relevance of existing reference data. An extensive series of reference data recommended by the Expert Committee and not widely distributed by WHO hitherto is included in an annex.
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            The dramatic increase in the prevalence of childhood overweight and its resultant comorbidities are associated with significant health and financial burdens, warranting strong and comprehensive prevention efforts. This statement proposes strategies for early identification of excessive weight gain by using body mass index, for dietary and physical activity interventions during health supervision encounters, and for advocacy and research.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                ramb
                Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira
                Rev. Assoc. Med. Bras.
                Associação Médica Brasileira (São Paulo )
                1806-9282
                August 2007
                : 53
                : 4
                : 311-316
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte Brazil
                Article
                S0104-42302007000400015
                10.1590/S0104-42302007000400015
                193ee8eb-2c4e-4fd0-9d96-9b3c0694778c

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0104-4230&lng=en
                Categories
                MEDICINE, GENERAL & INTERNAL

                Internal medicine
                Epidemiology,Obesity,Preschool child,Body mass index,Prevalência,Sobrepeso,Pré-escolares,Índice de massa corporal

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