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      The Effectiveness of Laser-Activated Irrigation on the Apical Microleakage Qualities of MTA Repair HP and NeoMTA Plus in Simulated Immature Teeth: A Comparative Study

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      1 , 2 , 3 , 1 , 3 , *
      Materials
      MDPI
      antimicrobial, microleakage, laser, MTA HP, immature teeth

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          Abstract

          There are limited data regarding the potential effect of erbium, chromium: yttrium–scandium–gallium–garnet (Er,Cr:YSGG) laser-activated irrigation (LAI) on the microleakage qualities of calcium silicate-based cements. The objective of the present study was to assess the effect of LAI on the microleakage qualities of MTA Repair HP (MTA-HP) and NeoMTA Plus (Neo) used in root-end filling and to compare the antimicrobial effectiveness of MTA- HP. Two experimental sets were conducted: antimicrobial activity (agar diffusion test/at 24, 48 h) and microleakage (glucose leakage model/at 1st, 10th, 20th days). Antimicrobial activities of MTA-HP, Neo, Biodentine, ProRoot and MTA Angelus were evaluated, and inhibition zones were observed not only against a range of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria but also against yeast at 48h. For microleakage evaluation, fifty teeth were prepared to simulate the clinical situation where the root-tips (apex) are open, and randomly divided into two experimental groups (n = 20/group) according to the cement type ( MTA-HP and Neo), and two control (n = 5/group) groups. Each experimental group was further divided into two subgroups (n = 10/group) with respect to LAI: MTA-HP, L-HP, Neo, L-Neo. A statistical difference was only detected between Neo and L-HP groups on day 1. Subsequently, MTA-HP exhibited superior microleakage quality compared to Neo in the short-term. Er,Cr:YSGG laser-activated irrigation could be used as a reliable technique without creating adverse effects on the sealing abilities of MTA Repair HP and NeoMTA Plus.

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          Most cited references40

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          The viable but nonculturable state in bacteria.

          It had long been assumed that a bacterial cell was dead when it was no longer able to grow on routine culture media. We now know that this assumption is simplistic, and that there are many situations where a cell loses culturability but remains viable and potentially able to regrow. This mini-review defines what the "viable but nonculturable" (VBNC) state is, and illustrates the methods that can be used to show that a bacterial cell is in this physiological state. The diverse environmental factors which induce this state, and the variety of bacteria which have been shown to enter into the VBNC state, are listed. In recent years, a great amount of research has revealed what occurs in cells as they enter and exist in this state, and these studies are also detailed. The ability of cells to resuscitate from the VBNC state and return to an actively metabolizing and culturable form is described, as well as the ability of these cells to retain virulence. Finally, the question of why cells become nonculturable is addressed. It is hoped that this mini-review will encourage researchers to consider this survival state in their studies as an alternative to the conclusion that a lack of culturability indicates the cells they are examining are dead.
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            Apexification: a review.

            This paper reviews the rationale and techniques for treatment of the non-vital immature tooth. The importance of careful case assessment and accurate pulpal diagnosis in the treatment of immature teeth with pulpal injury cannot be overemphasized. The treatment of choice for necrotic teeth is apexification, which is induction of apical closure to produce more favorable conditions for conventional root canal filling. The most commonly advocated medicament is calcium hydroxide, although recently considerable interest has been expressed in the use of mineral trioxide aggregate. Introduction of techniques for one-visit apexification provide an alternative treatment option in these cases. Success rates for calcium hydroxide apexification are high although risks such as reinfection and tooth fracture exist. Prospective clinical trials comparing this and one-visit apexification techniques are required.
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              Mineral trioxide aggregate and other bioactive endodontic cements: an updated overview - part II: other clinical applications and complications.

              Mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) is a dental material used extensively for vital pulp therapies (VPT), protecting scaffolds during regenerative endodontic procedures, apical barriers in teeth with necrotic pulps and open apices, perforation repairs as well as root canal filling and root-end filling during surgical endodontics. A number of bioactive endodontic cements (BECs) have recently been introduced to the market. Most of these materials have calcium and silicate in their compositions; however, bioactivity is a common property of these cements. These materials include the following: BioAggregate, Biodentine, BioRoot RCS, calcium-enriched mixture cement, Endo-CPM, Endocem, EndoSequence, EndoBinder, EndoSeal MTA, iRoot, MicroMega MTA, MTA Bio, MTA Fillapex, MTA Plus, Neo MTA Plus, Ortho MTA, Quick-Set, Retro MTA, Tech Biosealer, and TheraCal LC. It has been claimed that these materials have properties similar to those of MTA but without the drawbacks. In Part I of this review, the available information on the chemical composition of the materials listed above was reviewed and their applications for VPT was discussed. In this article, the clinical applications of MTA and other BECs will be reviewed for apexification, regenerative endodontics, perforation repair, root canal filling, root-end filling, restorative procedures, periodontal defects and treatment of vertical and horizontal root fractures. In addition, the literature regarding the possible drawbacks of these materials following their clinical applications is reviewed. These drawbacks include their discolouration potential, systemic effects and retreatability following use as a root filling material. Based on selected keywords, all publications were searched regarding the use of MTA as well as BECs for the relevant clinical applications. Numerous publications were found regarding the use of BECs for various endodontic applications. The majority of these investigations compared BECs with MTA. Despite promising results for some materials, the number of publications using BECs for various clinical applications was limited. Furthermore, most studies had several methodological shortcomings and low levels of evidence.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Materials (Basel)
                Materials (Basel)
                materials
                Materials
                MDPI
                1996-1944
                23 July 2020
                August 2020
                : 13
                : 15
                : 3287
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus; serenad.genc@ 123456gmail.com
                [2 ]Department of Medical Microbiology and Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus; buket.baddal@ 123456neu.edu.tr
                [3 ]Desam Institute, Near East University, 99138 Nicosia, North Cyprus
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: aylin.islam@ 123456neu.edu.tr ; Tel.: +90-(392)-680-20-30; Fax: +90-(392)-680-20-25
                Article
                materials-13-03287
                10.3390/ma13153287
                7436115
                32718044
                19678f44-5c0c-4271-b785-32cff8184bc8
                © 2020 by the authors.

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                : 18 June 2020
                : 17 July 2020
                Categories
                Article

                antimicrobial,microleakage,laser,mta hp,immature teeth
                antimicrobial, microleakage, laser, mta hp, immature teeth

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