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      White Peony (Fermented Camellia sinensis) Polyphenols Help Prevent Alcoholic Liver Injury via Antioxidation

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          Abstract

          White peony is a type of white tea ( Camellia sinensis) rich in polyphenols. In this study, polyphenols were extracted from white peony. In vitro experiments showed that white peony polyphenols (WPPs) possess strong free radical scavenging capabilities toward 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). Long-term alcohol gavage was used to induce alcoholic liver injury in mice, and relevant indices of liver injury were examined. WPPs effectively reduced the liver indices of mice with liver injury. The serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (ATS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), nitric oxide (NO), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were downregulated, while those of albumin (ALB), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) were upregulated. WPPs also reduced the serum levels of interluekin-6 (IL-6), interluekin-12 (IL-12), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) in mice with liver injury. Pathology results showed that WPPs reduced alcohol-induced liver cell damage. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) and western blot results revealed that WPPs upregulated the mRNA and protein expressions of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), cupro–zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD), and CAT and downregulated iNOS expression in the liver of mice with liver injury. WPPs protected against alcoholic liver injury, and this effect was equivalent to that of silymarin. High-performance liquid chromatography revealed that WPPs mainly contained the polyphenols gallic acid, catechinic acid, and hyperoside, which are critical for exerting preventive effects against alcoholic liver injury. Thus, WPPs are high-quality natural products with liver protective effects.

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          Current Status in Testing for Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) and Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH)

          Hannah K Drescher, Sabine Weiskirchen, Ralf Weiskirchen (2019)
          Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries with almost 25% affected adults worldwide. The growing public health burden is getting evident when considering that NAFLD-related liver transplantations are predicted to almost double within the next 20 years. Typically, hepatic alterations start with simple steatosis, which easily progresses to more advanced stages such as nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fibrosis and cirrhosis. This course of disease finally leads to end-stage liver disease such as hepatocellular carcinoma, which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Although clinical trials show promising results, there is actually no pharmacological agent approved to treat NASH. Another important problem associated with NASH is that presently the liver biopsy is still the gold standard in diagnosis and for disease staging and grading. Because of its invasiveness, this technique is not well accepted by patients and the method is prone to sampling error. Therefore, an urgent need exists to find reliable, accurate and noninvasive biomarkers discriminating between different disease stages or to develop innovative imaging techniques to quantify steatosis.
          Article 0 comments Cited 50 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Application of metabolomics profiling in the analysis of metabolites and taste quality in different subtypes of white tea

            Weidong Dai, Chen Yang, Zhengyan Hu … (2018)
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              Cytokines in alcoholic liver disease.

              L An, Xiaodong Wang, Arthur I. Cederbaum (2012)
              Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is associated with a spectrum of liver injury ranging from steatosis and steatohepatitis to fibrosis and cirrhosis. While multifactorial pathogenesis plays a role in the disease progression, enhanced inflammation in the liver during ethanol exposure is a major feature of ALD. Dysregulated cytokine metabolism and activity are crucial to the initiation of alcohol-induced liver injury. The pro-inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) has been demonstrated to be one of the key factors in the various aspects of pathophysiology of ALD. The immunomodulatory cytokines such as interleukin 10 and interleukin 6 play roles in exerting hepatic protective effects. Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived hormone, which displays protective actions on ethanol-induced liver injury. Treatment for mice with adiponectin decreases TNF-α expression, steatosis and prevents alcohol-induced liver injury. Adiponectin exerts its anti-inflammatory effects via suppression of TNF-α expression and induction of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10. Adiponectin attenuates alcoholic liver injury by the complex network of multiple signaling pathways in the liver, leading to enhanced fatty acid oxidation and reduced steatosis. Interactions between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TNFα and adiponectin and other cytokines are likely to play important roles in the development and progression of alcoholic liver disease.
              Article 0 comments Cited 39 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Antioxidants (Basel)
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Antioxidants (Basel)
                Journal ID (publisher-id): antioxidants
                Title: Antioxidants
                Publisher: MDPI
                ISSN (Electronic): 2076-3921
                Publication date (Electronic): 31 October 2019
                Publication date Collection: November 2019
                Volume: 8
                Issue: 11
                Electronic Location Identifier: 524
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Chongqing Collaborative Innovation Center for Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China; zhouyalin@ 123456cque.edu.cn (Y.Z.); lichong@ 123456cque.edu.cn (C.L.); liaowei@ 123456cque.edu.cn (W.L.); qingh@ 123456foods.ac.cn (G.Q.)
                [2 ]Chongqing Engineering Research Center of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
                [3 ]Chongqing Engineering Laboratory for Research and Development of Functional Food, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
                [4 ]College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Education, Chongqing 400067, China
                [5 ]Department of Public Health, Our Lady of Fatima University, Valenzuela 838, Philippines; tanfang@ 123456foods.ac.cn (F.T.); liqin@ 123456foods.ac.cn (Q.L.)
                [6 ]School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Yangtze Normal University, Chongqing 408100, China; shanxiliwenfeng@ 123456163.com
                [7 ]School of Public Health and Management, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
                Author notes
                [* ]Correspondence: lww102551@ 123456cqmu.edu.cn (W.L.); zhaoxin@ 123456cque.edu.cn (X.Z.); Tel.: +86-23-6848-5008 (W.L.); +86-23-6265-3650 (X.Z.)
                [†]

                These authors contributed equally to this work.

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9798-7865
                Article
                Publisher ID: antioxidants-08-00524
                DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110524
                PMC ID: 6912415
                PubMed ID: 31683564
                SO-VID: 197cf59f-9d26-4d57-91c7-fcd5d4df252b
                Copyright © © 2019 by the authors.
                License:

                Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

                History
                Date received : 08 October 2019
                Date accepted : 29 October 2019
                Categories
                Subject: Article

                Keywords: white peony polyphenols,white tea,alcohol,oxidative damage,liver injury
                Data availability:
                Keywords: white peony polyphenols, white tea, alcohol, oxidative damage, liver injury

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