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Abstract
<p class="first" id="P1">Adenosine is a neuroprotective agent that modulates neurotransmission
and is modulated
by other neurotransmitters. Spontaneous, transient adenosine is a recently discovered
mode of signaling where adenosine is released and cleared from the extracellular space
quickly, in less than three seconds. Spontaneous adenosine release is regulated by
adenosine A
<sub>1</sub> and A
<sub>2a</sub> receptors, but regulation by other neurotransmitter receptors has not
been studied.
Here, we examined the effect of glutamate and GABA receptors on the concentration
and frequency of spontaneous, transient adenosine release by measuring adenosine with
fast-scan cyclic voltammetry in the rat caudate-putamen. The glutamate NMDA antagonist,
3-(R-2-Carboxypiperazin-4-yl)-propyl-1-phosphonic acid (CPP, 6 mg/kg i.p.), increased
the frequency of adenosine transients and the concentration of individual transients
but NMDA (agonist, 50 mg/kg, i.p.) did not change the frequency. In contrast, antagonists
of other glutamate receptors had no effect on the frequency or concentration of transient
adenosine release, including the AMPA antagonist NBQX (15 mg/kg i.p.) and the mGlu2/3
glutamate receptor antagonist LY 341495 (5 mg/kg i.p.). The GABA
<sub>B</sub> antagonist CGP 52432 (30 mg/kg i.p.) significantly decreased the number
of adenosine
release events while the GABA
<sub>B</sub> agonist baclofen (4 mg/kg i.p.) increased the frequency of adenosine
release. The
GABA
<sub>A</sub> antagonist bicuculline (5 mg/kg i.p.) had no significant effects on adenosine.
NMDA
and GABA
<sub>B</sub> likely act presynaptically, affecting the overall cell excitability for
vesicular
release. The ability to regulate adenosine with NMDA and GABA
<sub>B</sub> receptors will help control the modulatory effects of transient adenosine
release.
</p>