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Abstract
The NADPH oxidase (Nox) family of superoxide (O(2)(*-)) and hydrogen peroxide (H(2)O(2))-producing
proteins has emerged as an important source of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in signal
transduction. ROS produced by Nox proteins Nox1-5 and Duox1/2 are now recognized to
play essential roles in the physiology of the brain, the immune system, the vasculature,
and the digestive tract as well as in hormone synthesis. Nox-derived ROS have been
implicated in regulation of cytoskeletal remodeling, gene expression, proliferation,
differentiation, migration, and cell death. These processes are tightly controlled
and reversible. In this review, we will discuss recent literature on Nox protein tissue
distribution, subcellular localization, activation, and the resulting signal transduction
mechanisms.