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      Drug Design, Development and Therapy (submit here)

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      Effects of Xuanbai Chengqi decoction on lung compliance for patients with exogenous pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome

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          Abstract

          Objective

          To observe the effects of Xuanbai Chengqi decoction on lung compliance for patients with exogenous pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome.

          Subjects and methods

          A total of 53 patients with exogenous pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome, who were admitted to the intensive care unit of the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine from March 2009 to February 2013, were selected. They were randomly divided into the treatment group (25 cases) and the control group (28 cases). Both the groups were treated with conventional treatment and lung-protective ventilation strategy; apart from these, enema therapy with Xuanbai Chengqi decoction was given to the treatment group. Meanwhile, static lung compliance, dynamic lung compliance, peak airway pressure, plateau pressure, and positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) for patients in both the groups were observed and recorded at 24, 48, and 72 hours after the drug was used. Moreover, variations in the duration of parenteral nutrition, incidence rate of complications, and case fatality rate in patients after treatment were recorded.

          Results

          For patients in the treatment group, at 48 and 72 hours after treatment, the static lung compliance and dynamic lung compliance were significantly higher than those in the control group, while plateau pressure, peak airway pressure, and PEEP were significantly lower than those before treatment. At the same time, PEEP for patients in the treatment group at 72 hours after treatment was remarkably lower than that in the control group, showing significant difference ( P<0.05). The duration of parenteral nutrition in the treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control group ( P<0.05). Both the incidence rate and the fatality rate of complications, such as abdominal distension and ventilator-associated pneumonia, for patients in the treatment group were distinctly smaller than those in the control group ( P<0.05).

          Conclusion

          Xuanbai Chengqi decoction not only can improve the static lung compliance and dynamic compliance of patients with exogenous pulmonary distress syndrome but also can shorten the parenteral nutrition duration, as well as reducing the complication incidence rate and fatality rate.

          Most cited references16

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          Endotoxemia and endotoxin tolerance in patients with ARDS.

          Klaus Buttenschoen, Marko Kornmann, Dieter Berger … (2008)
          The significance of endotoxemia in man is controversial, induces cytokine release and stimulates the immune system. Exaggerated cytokine release of mononuclear cells was observed in acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS). However, repetitive administration of endotoxin can cause tolerance. To investigate endotoxemia, plasma TNFalpha, IL-1beta, IL-6, the liberation capacity of those cytokines from mononuclear cells after LPS challenge (Delta values), and plasma antibodies to endotoxins and alpha-hemolysin of Staphylococcus aureus in ALI/ARDS. A prospective clinical study was conducted. The study was carried out at the University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany. The respondents were 23 patients with ALI/ARDS. ALI/ARDS was defined according to the American-European Consensus Conference on ARDS. Blood was collected periodically. Parameters were measured by LAL or ELISA. ARDS (P(a)O(2)/F(i)O(2) 200) but lower DeltaIL-6 (124-209 [10-1214] pg/mL vs 298-746 [5-1797] pg/mL), DeltaTNFalpha (50-100 [6-660] pg/mL vs 143-243 [12-2795] pg/mL), and DeltaIL-1 (2-3 [0-26] pg/mL vs 2-14 [0-99] pg/mL). Endotoxemia correlated negative with P(a)O(2)/F(i)O(2) (r, -0.44 to -0.50). All patients presented antibodies to lipopolysaccharides and alpha-hemolysin, but the level did not correlate with P(a)O(2)/F(i)O(2). ALI/ARDS is associated with endotoxemia. The more severe the disease, the more intense is endotoxemia but the lower is the capacity of mononuclear cells to release cytokines (tolerance). Antibodies against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria are detectable in the plasma but without relation to P(a)O(2)/F(i)O(2).
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            Mesenteric lymph duct ligation improves survival in a lethal shock model.

            Rena Feinman, Qi Lu, M Senthil … (2008)
            The goal of this study was to test the hypothesis that factors released from the gut and carried in the mesenteric lymph contribute to mortality in a lethal gut I/R model. To test this hypothesis, a lethal splanchnic artery occlusion (SAO) shock model was used in male Sprague-Dawley rats. In the first set of experiments, ligation of the mesenteric lymph duct (LDL), which prevents gut-derived factors carried in the intestinal lymphatics from reaching the systemic circulation, significantly improved 24-h survival after a 20-min SAO insult (0% vs. 60% survival; P < 0.05). This increase in survival in the LDL-treated rats was associated with a blunted hypotensive response. Because increased iNOS-induced NO levels have been implicated in SAO-induced shock, we measured plasma nitrite/nitrate levels and liver iNOS protein levels in a second group of animals. Ligation of the mesenteric lymph duct significantly abrogated the SAO-induced increase in plasma nitrite/nitrate levels and the induction of hepatic iNOS (P < 0.05). In an additional series of studies, we documented that LDL increased not only 24-h but also long-term 7-day survival. During the course of these studies, we made the unexpected finding that Sprague-Dawley rats from different animal vendors had differential resistance to SAO, and that the time of the year that the experiments were carried out also influenced the results. Nonetheless, in conclusion, these studies support the hypothesis that factors carried in the mesenteric lymph significantly contribute to the development of irreversible shock after SAO.
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              Mechanical ventilation and intra-abdominal hypertension: 'Beyond Good and Evil'

              Paolo Pelosi, Maria Vargas (2012)
              Intra-abdominal hypertension is frequent in surgical and medical critically ill patients. Intra-abdominal hypertension has a serious impact on the function of respiratory as well as peripheral organs. In the presence of alveolar capillary damage, which occurs in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), intra-abdominal hypertension promotes lung injury as well as edema, impedes the pulmonary lymphatic drainage, and increases intra-thoracic pressures, leading to atelectasis, airway closure, and deterioration of respiratory mechanics and gas exchange. The optimal setting of mechanical ventilation and its impact on respiratory function and hemodynamics in ARDS associated with intra-abdominal hypertension are far from being assessed. We suggest that the optimal ventilator management of patients with ARDS and intra-abdominal hypertension would include the following: (a) intra-abdominal, esophageal pressure, and hemodynamic monitoring; (b) ventilation setting with protective tidal volume, recruitment maneuver, and level of positive end-expiratory pressure set according to the 'best' compliance of the respiratory system or the lung; (c) deep sedation with or without neuromuscular paralysis in severe ARDS; and (d) open abdomen in selected patients with severe abdominal compartment syndrome.
              Article 0 comments Cited 10 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Drug Des Devel Ther
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Drug Des Devel Ther
                Journal ID (publisher-id): Drug Design, Development and Therapy
                Title: Drug Design, Development and Therapy
                Publisher: Dove Medical Press
                ISSN (Electronic): 1177-8881
                Publication date Collection: 2016
                Publication date (Electronic): 19 February 2016
                Volume: 10
                Pages: 793-798
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou City, Henan, People’s Republic of China
                [2 ]Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou City, Henan, People’s Republic of China
                [3 ]Collaborative Innovation Center for Respiratory Disease Diagnosis and Treatment & Chinese Medicine Development of Henan Province, Zhengzhou City, Henan, People’s Republic of China
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Zhengrong Mao, Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan, University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou City 450000, Henan, People’s Republic of China, Email mzhengrong163@ 123456163.com
                Haifeng Wang, Department of Respiratory Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 19 Renmin Road, Zhengzhou City 450000, Henan, People’s Republic of China, Email wangh_f@ 123456126.com
                Article
                Publisher ID: dddt-10-793
                DOI: 10.2147/DDDT.S93165
                PMC ID: 4767063
                PubMed ID: 26929604
                SO-VID: 19f1456d-f6a6-4d8c-a314-6c0c12863e25
                Copyright © © 2016 Mao and Wang. This work is published by Dove Medical Press Limited, and licensed under Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License
                License:

                The full terms of the License are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

                History
                Categories
                Subject: Original Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: exogenous pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome,static lung compliance,dynamic lung compliance,parenteral nutrition duration,enema
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical medicine
                Keywords: exogenous pulmonary acute respiratory distress syndrome, static lung compliance, dynamic lung compliance, parenteral nutrition duration, enema

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