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      Actividad antimicrobiana de cáscaras y semillas de Citrus limonia y Citrus sinensis Translated title: Antimicrobial activity of peels and seeds of Citrus limonia and Citrus sinensis

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          Abstract

          Resumen Se evaluó la actividad antimicrobiana de extractos etanólicos y fracciones en n-hexano, acetato de etilo, diclorometano y agua-etanol obtenidos a partir de semillas y cáscaras de Citrus sinensis y Citrus limonia, sobre los fitopatógenos Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora cinnamoni y Rhizopus oryzae. El efecto inhibitorio de los diferentes extractos se midió sobre el crecimiento micelial, la esporulación y sobre los daños en la micromorfología de los microorganismos por los métodos densidad óptica y difusión en agar; los extractos fueron caracterizados por cromatografía de capa delgada, verificándose la presencia de metabolitos secundarios de tipo flavonoide, alcaloide y limonoide. Se presentó un comportamiento diferencial en cuanto a la actividad antimicrobiana de los diferentes tratamientos siendo los más activos los diclorometánicos de las cáscaras, y en este orden con mayor actividad en la fracción diclorometánica de C. limonia. Se observó efecto inhibitorio sobre los microorganismos, el cual fue dependiente de la concentración, apreciándose daños micromorfológicos sobre hifas y estructuras reproductivas, como esporangios y conidios a concentraciones cercanas a los 7 mg/ml. Los resultados sugieren que residuos de la agroindustria de cítricos como las cáscaras son fuente de metabolitos, con potencial antimicrobiano en el control de fitopatógenos de importancia agrícola.

          Translated abstract

          Abstract The antimicrobial activity of ethanol extracts and fractions in n-hexane, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and water-ethanol obtained from seeds and peels of Citrus limonia and Citrus sinensis, against Aspergillus niger, Botrytis cinerea, Phytophthora cinnamoni, and Rhizopus oryzae was evaluated. The inhibitory effect of various extracts was measured on mycelial growth, sporulation, and damage on microscopic morphology of microorganisms by the following methods: optical density and agar diffusion, determining the inhibitory effect on mycelial growth, sporulation, and microscopic morphology of plant pathogens; the extracts were characterized by thin layer chromatography, verifying the presence of secondary metabolites of flavonoid type, alkaloid, and limonoids. A differential behavior arises in the antimicrobial activity of different treatments, being the most active dichloromethane shells extracts, and in this order with increased activity in the dichloromethane fraction of C. limonia. The inhibitory effect on the microorganisms tested was observed at concentrations close to 7 mg/ml, the result of micromorphological damage on hyphae and reproductive structures such as sporangia and conidia, which were dependent on the extracts concentration. The results suggest that residues as agribusiness citrus peels are a source of metabolites with antimicrobial potential in controlling agriculturally important plant pathogens.

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          Application of plant derived compounds to control fungal spoilage and mycotoxin production in foods.

          Food decay by spoilage fungi causes considerable economic losses and constitutes a health risk for consumers due to the potential for fungi to produce mycotoxins. The indiscriminate use of synthetic antifungals has led to the development of resistant strains which has necessitated utilization of higher concentrations, with the consequent increase in toxic residues in food products. Numerous studies have demonstrated that plant extracts contain diverse bioactive components that can control mould growth. The metabolites produced by plants are a promising alternative because plants generate a wide variety of compounds, either as part of their development or in response to stress or pathogen attack. The aim of this article is to summarize the results from the literature on in vitro and in vivo experiments regarding the effects of plant-derived products for controlling fungal growth. Data from research work on the mode of action of these metabolites inside the fungal cell and the influence of abiotic external factors such as pH and temperature are also covered in the present review. Furthermore, an analysis on how the stress factor derived from the presence of plant extracts and essential oils affects secondary metabolism of the fungus, specifically mycotoxin synthesis, is developed. Finally, the effectiveness of using plant-derived compounds in combination with other natural antimicrobials and its application in food using novel technologies is discussed. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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            A comprehensive review on flavanones, the major citrus polyphenols

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              Effects of chitosan and plant extracts on growth of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, anthracnose levels and quality of papaya fruit

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                acbi
                Actualidades Biológicas
                Actu Biol
                Instituto de Biología, Universidad de Antioquia (Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia )
                0304-3584
                June 2017
                : 39
                : 106
                : 53-59
                Affiliations
                [1] Ibagué Tolima orgnameUniversidad del Tolima Colombia
                Article
                S0304-35842017000100053
                10.17533/udea.acbi.v39n106a05
                1a00be98-8c3a-4f1c-8669-5c112f221129

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : March 2016
                : August 2015
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 31, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                citrus waste,biopesticides,residuos cítricos,microorganismos fitopatógenos,metabolitos secundarios,bio-plaguicidas,secondary metabolites,phytopathogenic microorganisms

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