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      Cardioembolic ischemic stroke associated with undertreated atrial fibrillation: an observational study Translated title: Accidente cerebrovascular isquémico cardioembólico asociado con fibrilación auricular no tratada: estudio observacional

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objectives: To describe the characteristics of patients and to determine the risk factors associated with second Emergency Department visits at 30 and 180 days in sick people admitted to the Emergency Department for cardioembolic stroke with a previous diagnosis of atrial fibrillation. Methods: Retrospective, observational study of adult patients admitted to the Emergency Department at our institution for cardioembolic stroke from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019. All study participants had a previous diagnosis of Atrial Fibrillation, CHADs2-VASc ≥2, and no contraindications for anticoagulants. The patients were retrospectively identified through a database search. A univariate analysis was performed to assess variables potentially associated with readmission (any cause) at 30 and 180 days. All variables with a p<0.2 were included in a multivariate analysis. Results: During the study period, 547 patients presented to the ED with ischemic stroke and 113 (20.6%) met the study inclusion criteria. Of these, 53 patients (46.9%) did not receive anticoagulant therapy before the stroke and 28 (24.7%) were taking doses lower than recommended in the technical data sheet. The pharmacological stroke prevention strategy was modified in 44 patients (38.9%) at discharge. On the multivariate analysis, diabetes was the only risk factor significantly associated with early readmission to the ED. Conclusions: Most patients (71.6%) with a previous diagnosis of AF who presented to the emergency department for cardioembolic stroke had not received optimal anticoagulant preventive treatment before the event. Diabetes was the only risk factor associated with early readmission to the Emergency Department.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivos: Describir las características de los pacientes y determinar los factores de riesgo asociados a las segundas visitas al Servicio de Urgencias a los 30 y 180 días en los enfermos ingresados en el Servicio de Urgencias por ictus isquémico cardioembólico con diagnóstico previo de fibrilación auricular. Métodos: Estudio retrospectivo y observacional de pacientes adultos ingresados en el Servicio de Urgencias del Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau (HSP) por un ictus cardioembólico desde el 1 de enero de 2019 hasta el 31 de diciembre de 2019. Todos los participantes en el estudio tenían un diagnóstico previo de fibrilación auricular, CHADs2-VASc ≥2, y no tenían contraindicaciones para los anticoagulantes. Los pacientes fueron identificados retrospectivamente mediante una búsqueda en una base de datos del hospital. Se realizó un análisis univariante para evaluar las variables potencialmente asociadas al reingreso (cualquier causa) a los 30 y 180 días. Todas las variables con una p<0,2 se incluyeron en un análisis multivariante. Resultados: Durante el periodo de estudio, 547 pacientes acudieron a urgencias con ictus isquémico y 113 (20,6%) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión del estudio. De ellos, 53 pacientes (46,9%) no recibían tratamiento anticoagulante antes del ictus y 28 (24,7%) tomaban dosis inferiores a las recomendadas en la ficha técnica. La estrategia de prevención farmacológica del ictus se modificó en 44 pacientes (38,9%) al alta. En el análisis multivariante, la diabetes fue el único factor de riesgo que se asoció significativamente con el reingreso temprano en urgencias. Conclusiones: La mayoría de los pacientes (71,6%) con diagnóstico previo de FA que acudieron a urgencias por ictus cardioembólico no habían recibido un tratamiento preventivo anticoagulante óptimo antes del evento. La diabetes fue el único factor de riesgo asociado al reingreso temprano en el servicio de urgencias.

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          What is polypharmacy? A systematic review of definitions

          Background Multimorbidity and the associated use of multiple medicines (polypharmacy), is common in the older population. Despite this, there is no consensus definition for polypharmacy. A systematic review was conducted to identify and summarise polypharmacy definitions in existing literature. Methods The reporting of this systematic review conforms to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) checklist. MEDLINE (Ovid), EMBASE and Cochrane were systematically searched, as well as grey literature, to identify articles which defined the term polypharmacy (without any limits on the types of definitions) and were in English, published between 1st January 2000 and 30th May 2016. Definitions were categorised as i. numerical only (using the number of medications to define polypharmacy), ii. numerical with an associated duration of therapy or healthcare setting (such as during hospital stay) or iii. Descriptive (using a brief description to define polypharmacy). Results A total of 1156 articles were identified and 110 articles met the inclusion criteria. Articles not only defined polypharmacy but associated terms such as minor and major polypharmacy. As a result, a total of 138 definitions of polypharmacy and associated terms were obtained. There were 111 numerical only definitions (80.4% of all definitions), 15 numerical definitions which incorporated a duration of therapy or healthcare setting (10.9%) and 12 descriptive definitions (8.7%). The most commonly reported definition of polypharmacy was the numerical definition of five or more medications daily (n = 51, 46.4% of articles), with definitions ranging from two or more to 11 or more medicines. Only 6.4% of articles classified the distinction between appropriate and inappropriate polypharmacy, using descriptive definitions to make this distinction. Conclusions Polypharmacy definitions were variable. Numerical definitions of polypharmacy did not account for specific comorbidities present and make it difficult to assess safety and appropriateness of therapy in the clinical setting.
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            2020 ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of atrial fibrillation developed in collaboration with the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS)

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              US Emergency Department Visits for Outpatient Adverse Drug Events, 2013-2014.

              The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 brought attention to adverse drug events in national patient safety efforts. Updated, detailed, nationally representative data describing adverse drug events can help focus these efforts.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                ofil
                Revista de la OFIL
                Rev. OFIL·ILAPHAR
                Organización de Farmacéuticos Ibero-Latinoamericanos (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1131-9429
                1699-714X
                March 2023
                : 33
                : 1
                : 56-62
                Affiliations
                [2] Barcelona orgnameHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau orgdiv1Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau orgdiv2Emergency Department España
                [1] Barcelona orgnameHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau orgdiv1Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau orgdiv2Pharmacy Department España
                [3] Barcelona orgnameHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau orgdiv1Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau orgdiv2Neurology Department España
                [4] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal orgdiv2Pharmacy Department España
                Article
                S1699-714X2023000100011 S1699-714X(23)03300100011
                10.4321/s1699-714x2023000100011
                1a0384e6-9417-4ae9-8248-2e0a5a3562c6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 15 September 2021
                : 04 August 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
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                cerebrovascular stroke,ictus isquémico,fragilidad,anticoagulantes,servicios farmacéuticos,Atrial fibrillation,frail elderly,anticoagulant drugs,pharmaceutical services,Fibrilación auricular

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