Minimally Invasive and Regenerative Therapeutics

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Abstract

Advances in biomaterial synthesis and fabrication, stem cell biology, bioimaging, microsurgery procedures, and microscale technologies have made minimally invasive therapeutics a viable tool in regenerative medicine. Therapeutics, herein defined as cells, biomaterials, biomolecules, and their combinations, can be delivered in a minimally invasive way to regenerate different tissues in the body, such as bone, cartilage, pancreas, cardiac, skeletal muscle, liver, skin, and neural tissues. Sophisticated methods of tracking, sensing, and stimulation of therapeutics in vivo using nanobiomaterials and soft bioelectronic devices provide great opportunities to further develop minimally invasive and regenerative therapeutics (MIRET). In general, minimally invasive delivery methods offer high yield with low risk of complications and reduced costs compared to conventional delivery methods. Here, we review minimally invasive approaches for delivering regenerative therapeutics into the body. The use of MIRET to treat different tissues and organs is described. Although some clinical trials have been done using MIRET, it is hoped that such therapeutics find wider applications to treat patients. Finally, we highlight some future perspective and challenges for this emerging field.

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Neuronal replacement from endogenous precursors in the adult brain after stroke.

Andreas Arvidsson, Tove Collin, Deniz Kirik … (2002)

In the adult brain, new neurons are continuously generated in the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus, but it is unknown whether these neurons can replace those lost following damage or disease. Here we show that stroke, caused by transient middle cerebral artery occlusion in adult rats, leads to a marked increase of cell proliferation in the subventricular zone. Stroke-generated new neurons, as well as neuroblasts probably already formed before the insult, migrate into the severely damaged area of the striatum, where they express markers of developing and mature, striatal medium-sized spiny neurons. Thus, stroke induces differentiation of new neurons into the phenotype of most of the neurons destroyed by the ischemic lesion. Here we show that the adult brain has the capacity for self-repair after insults causing extensive neuronal death. If the new neurons are functional and their formation can be stimulated, a novel therapeutic strategy might be developed for stroke in humans.

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Microrobots for minimally invasive medicine.

Bradley Nelson, Ioannis K Kaliakatsos, Jake Abbott (2010)

Microrobots have the potential to revolutionize many aspects of medicine. These untethered, wirelessly controlled and powered devices will make existing therapeutic and diagnostic procedures less invasive and will enable new procedures never before possible. The aim of this review is threefold: first, to provide a comprehensive survey of the technological state of the art in medical microrobots; second, to explore the potential impact of medical microrobots and inspire future research in this field; and third, to provide a collection of valuable information and engineering tools for the design of medical microrobots.

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Micro/nanorobots for biomedicine: Delivery, surgery, sensing, and detoxification

Joseph Wang, Wei Gao, Berta Esteban-Fernández de Ávila … (2017)

Micro- and nanoscale robots that can effectively convert diverse energy sources into movement and force represent a rapidly emerging and fascinating robotics research area. Recent advances in the design, fabrication, and operation of micro/nanorobots have greatly enhanced their power, function, and versatility. The new capabilities of these tiny untethered machines indicate immense potential for a variety of biomedical applications. This article reviews recent progress and future perspectives of micro/nanorobots in biomedicine, with a special focus on their potential advantages and applications for directed drug delivery, precision surgery, medical diagnosis and detoxification. Future success of this technology, to be realized through close collaboration between robotics, medical and nanotechnology experts, should have a major impact on disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention.

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Author and article information

Journal

Title: Advanced Materials

Abbreviated Title: Adv. Mater.

Publisher: Wiley

ISSN: 09359648

Publication date Created: January 2019

Publication date (Print): January 2019

Publication date (Electronic): November 22 2018

Volume: 31

Issue: 1

Page: 1804041

Affiliations

[1 ]Center for Minimally Invasive Therapeutics (C-MIT); University of California-Los Angeles; Los Angeles 90095 CA USA

[2 ]California NanoSystems Institute (CNSI); University of California-Los Angeles; Los Angeles 90095 CA USA

[3 ]Department of Bioengineering; University of California-Los Angeles; Los Angeles 90095 CA USA

[4 ]Division of Plastic Surgery; Department of Surgery; Oulu University Hospital; Oulu FI-90014 Finland

[5 ]Biotechnology Research Center; Libyan Authority for Research, Science and Technology; Tripoli Libya. Department of Radiological Sciences; University of California-Los Angeles; Los Angeles 90095 CA USA

[6 ]LBMI; Department of Physics; Lebanese University-Faculty of Sciences 2; P.O. Box 90656 Jdeidet Lebanon

[7 ]Department of Materials Science and Engineering; School of Materials and Chemical Technology; Tokyo Institute of Technology; Tokyo 152-8552 Japan

[8 ]Division of Interventional Radiology; Department of Radiology; Mayo Clinic; Scottsdale 13400 AZ USA

[9 ]Department of Radiological Sciences; University of California-Los Angeles; Los Angeles 90095 CA USA

[10 ]Division of Interventional Radiology; Department of Radiology; Mayo Clinic; Scottsdale 13400 AZ USA. Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering; University of California-Los Angeles; Los Angeles 90095 CA USA. Center of Nanotechnology; Department of Physics; King Abdulaziz University; Jeddah 21589 Saudi Arabia. Department of Bioindustrial Technologies; College of Animal Bioscience and Technology; Konkuk University; Seoul 13557 Republic of Korea