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      Benefits of normal body mass index on physical fitness: A cross-sectional study among children and adolescents in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China

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          Abstract

          Objective To assess the association between body mass index (BMI) and physical fitness index (PFI) among children and adolescents in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, China. Methods In total, 17,618 children and adolescents aged 7–18 years from the selected region were enrolled in this cross-sectional study (8,800 boys and 8,818 girls). Participants were stratified by age and sex and divided into five groups by BMI percentiles: very low (BMI <5th percentile); low, (5th ≤ BMI < 15th percentile); normal (15th ≤ BMI < 85th percentile); high (85th ≤ BMI < 95th percentile); and very high (BMI ≥95th percentile). PFI was assessed by height, weight, and five health-related fitness indicators (grip strength, standing long jump, sit and reach, 50 m dash, and endurance run). Results BMI was significantly associated with PFI during adolescence (13–18 years) in boys and pre-adolescence (7–12 years) in girls. Between the ages of 13 and 18 years, an increase in BMI had a greater impact on PFI in boys than girls. PFI showed a parabolic curvilinear relationship with BMI. Conclusion Children and adolescents in China’s Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region with a normal BMI demonstrated good physical fitness. A BMI below or above the normal range may contribute to poor physical fitness. The relationship between BMI and PFI shows an inverted U-shaped curve.

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          Most cited references30

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          Physical Activity, Fitness, Cognitive Function, and Academic Achievement in Children: A Systematic Review.

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            Analysis of genomic admixture in Uyghur and its implication in mapping strategy.

            The Uyghur (UIG) population, settled in Xinjiang, China, is a population presenting a typical admixture of Eastern and Western anthropometric traits. We dissected its genomic structure at population level, individual level, and chromosome level by using 20,177 SNPs spanning nearly the entire chromosome 21. Our results showed that UIG was formed by two-way admixture, with 60% European ancestry and 40% East Asian ancestry. Overall linkage disequilibrium (LD) in UIG was similar to that in its parental populations represented in East Asia and Europe with regard to common alleles, and UIG manifested elevation of LD only within 500 kb and at a level of 0.1
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              Health-related physical fitness and weight status in Hong Kong adolescents

              Background This study was designed to investigate the relation between health-related physical fitness and weight status in Hong Kong adolescents. Methods 3,204 students aged 12-18 years participated in the Hong Kong Student Obesity Surveillance (HKSOS) project in 2006-2007. Anthropometric measures (height, weight) and health-related fitness (push-up, sit-up, sit-and-reach, 9-minute run) were assessed. Body mass index (BMI) was computed to classify participants into normal weight, underweight (Grade I, II/III), overweight, and obese groups. The associations of health-related physical fitness with BMI and weight status were examined by partial correlation coefficients and analysis of covariance, respectively. Results More boys than girls were overweight or obese (18.0% vs 8.7%), but more girls than boys were underweight (22.3% vs 16.7%). Boys performed significantly (P < 0.001) better in sit-up (38.8 vs 31.6 times/min) and 9-minute run (1632.1 vs 1353.2 m), but poorer in sit-and-reach (27.4 vs 32.2 cm) than girls. All four physical fitness tests were significantly positively correlated with each other in both sexes, and BMI was only weakly correlated with sit up and sit-and-reach tests in boys. Decreasing performance (P for trend < 0.05) was observed from normal weight to overweight and obese for push-up, sit-up, and 9-minute run in both sexes. From normal weight to Grade I and Grade II/III underweight, decreasing performance (P for trend < 0.05) for sit-up and sit-and-reach in both sexes and for push-up in boys was observed. Conclusions The relations between BMI and health-related physical fitness in adolescents were non-linear. Overweight/obese and underweight adolescents had poorer performance in push-up and sit-up tests than normal weight adolescents. Different aspects of health-related physical fitness may serve as immediate indicators of potential health risks for underweight and overweight adolescents.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draftRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Data curationRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: Validation
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Writing – original draft
                Role: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: VisualizationRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Data curationRole: SoftwareRole: Writing – review & editing
                Role: Formal analysisRole: InvestigationRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Visualization
                Role: Editor
                Journal
                PLoS One
                PLoS ONE
                plos
                plosone
                PLoS ONE
                Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
                1932-6203
                15 August 2019
                2019
                : 14
                : 8
                : e0220863
                Affiliations
                [1 ] School of Physical Education and Health, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
                [2 ] School of Physical Education, Xihua University, Chengdu, China
                [3 ] Institute of Physical Education, Xinjiang Normal University, Urumqi, China
                [4 ] Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Public Health Peking University, Beijing, China
                [5 ] Department of Maternal, Child & Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University,Hefei, China
                University of Brasilia, BRAZIL
                Author notes

                Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7566-1477
                Article
                PONE-D-19-07114
                10.1371/journal.pone.0220863
                6695220
                31415603
                1a6735fe-e779-4db6-bb61-c0cc49b6d247
                © 2019 Bi et al

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 11 March 2019
                : 24 July 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 3, Tables: 4, Pages: 12
                Funding
                Funded by: National Social Science Fund of China
                Award ID: 18BTY107
                Award Recipient :
                This work was supported by the National Social Science Fund of China, grant number 18BTY107. The funder had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
                Categories
                Research Article
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Public and Occupational Health
                Physical Activity
                Physical Fitness
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Body Mass Index
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Body Mass Index
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Children
                Adolescents
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Children
                Adolescents
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                Children
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Families
                Children
                People and Places
                Population Groupings
                Age Groups
                People and Places
                Geographical Locations
                Asia
                China
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Endocrinology
                Endocrine Physiology
                Puberty
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Endocrine Physiology
                Puberty
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Endocrine Physiology
                Puberty
                Biology and Life Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Obesity
                Childhood Obesity
                Medicine and Health Sciences
                Physiology
                Physiological Parameters
                Body Weight
                Obesity
                Childhood Obesity
                Custom metadata
                The data underlying the results presented in the study are available from https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.8qb118r.

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                Uncategorized

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