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      Measuring the performance of health care services: a review of international experiences and their application to urban contexts Translated title: Medir el desempeño de los servicios de salud: revisión de las experiencias internacionales y su aplicación a contextos urbanos

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          Abstract

          Background: The objective of performance assessment is to provide governments and populations with appropriate information about the state of their health care system. The objective of this paper is to present the most recent developments in performance assessment and their application in urban contexts. Methods: Literature review in PubMed (1970-2004). We identified additional papers and grey literature from retrieved references. Results: Performance assessment initiatives were identified in Australia, Canada, the United Kingdom, and New Zealand. The World Health Report 2000 is one of the best known examples of a transnational approach to performance assessment. Conclusion: The best developed initiatives to date are those that define precise categories, criteria and indicators with which to analyse and assess health care systems, based on a solid conceptual framework. Performance assessment fits perfectly in urban contexts, as it is a useful tool for designing and monitoring policies, assessing the quality of the services provided, and measuring the health status of city dwellers. Barcelona and Montreal are currently collaborating together on a project to assess the performance assessment of their respective health care services.

          Translated abstract

          Objetivos: El objetivo de la evaluación del desempeño es dar información apropiada a los gobiernos y las poblaciones sobre el funcionamiento de su sistema sanitario. El objetivo de este artículo es presentar los desarrollos más recientes en la medida del desempeño y su aplicación en contextos urbanos. Métodos: Revisión de la bibliografía en PubMed (1970-2004). Se identificaron artículos adicionales y bibliografía gris y de las referencias de los artículos seleccionados. Resultados: Se identificaron iniciativas de medida del desempeño en Australia, Canadá, Reino Unido y Nueva Zelanda. La iniciativa transnacional del Informe sobre la salud en el mundo 2000 de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) es una de las más conocidas. Conclusiones: Las iniciativas más desarrolladas en la actualidad son las que definen categorías, criterios e indicadores para analizar y evaluar los sistemas sanitarios, basándose en un marco conceptual sólido. La medida del desempeño encaja perfectamente en los contextos urbanos, ya que es una herramienta útil para diseñar y hacer un seguimiento del nivel de consecución de las políticas en marcha, medir la calidad de los servicios disponibles y el estado de salud de los habitantes de una población. Barcelona y Montreal están trabajando en un proyecto de colaboración para la evaluación del desempeño de sus servicios sanitarios.

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          A conceptual framework to measure performance of the public health system.

          This article describes a unifying conceptual framework for the public health system as a way to facilitate the measurement of public health system performance. A conceptual framework for the public health system was developed on the basis of the work of Donabedian and a conceptual model previously developed by Bernard Turnock and Arden Handler. The conceptual framework consists of 5 components that can be considered in relationship to each other: macro context, mission, structural capacity, processes, and outcomes. Although the availability of measures for each of these components varies, the framework can be used to examine the performance of public health systems as well as that of agencies and programs. A conceptual framework that explicates the relationships among the various components of the public health system is an essential step toward providing a science base for the study of public health system performance.
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            A framework for assessing the performance of health systems

            Health systems vary widely in performance, and countries with similar levels of income, education and health expenditure differ in their ability to attain key health goals. This paper proposes a framework to advance the understanding of health system performance. A first step is to define the boundaries of the health system, based on the concept of health action. Health action is defined as any set of activities whose primary intent is to improve or maintain health. Within these boundaries, the concept of performance is centred around three fundamental goals: improving health, enhancing responsiveness to the expectations of the population, and assuring fairness of financial contribution. Improving health means both increasing the average health status and reducing health inequalities. Responsiveness includes two major components: (a) respect for persons (including dignity, confidentiality and autonomy of individuals and families to decide about their own health); and (b) client orientation (including prompt attention, access to social support networks during care, quality of basic amenities and choice of provider). Fairness of financial contribution means that every household pays a fair share of the total health bill for a country (which may mean that very poor households pay nothing at all). This implies that everyone is protected from financial risks due to health care. The measurement of performance relates goal attainment to the resources available. Variation in performance is a function of the way in which the health system organizes four key functions: stewardship (a broader concept than regulation); financing (including revenue collection, fund pooling and purchasing); service provision (for personal and non-personal health services); and resource generation (including personnel, facilities and knowledge). By investigating these four functions and how they combine, it is possible not only to understand the proximate determinants of health system performance, but also to contemplate major policy challenges.
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              Comparative efficiency of national health systems: cross national econometric analysis.

              To improve the evidence base for health policy by devising a method to measure and monitor the performance of health systems. Estimation of the relation between levels of population health and the inputs used to produce health. 191 countries. Health system efficiency (performance). Estimated efficiency varied from nearly fully efficient to nearly fully inefficient. Countries with a history of civil conflict or high prevalence of HIV and AIDS were less efficient. Performance increased with health expenditure per capita. Increasing the resources for health systems is critical to improving health in poor countries, but important gains can be made in most countries by using existing resources more efficiently.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                gs
                Gaceta Sanitaria
                Gac Sanit
                Ediciones Doyma, S.L. (Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain )
                0213-9111
                August 2006
                : 20
                : 4
                : 316-3224
                Affiliations
                [01] Barcelona orgnameAgència de Salut Pública de Barcelona Spain
                [02] Dubai orgnameDepartment of Health and Medical Services United Arab Emirates
                [03] Barcelona orgnameDirecció General de Salut Pública orgdiv1Departament de Salut Spain
                Article
                S0213-91112006000400011 S0213-9111(06)02000400011
                1a87e310-8a09-410d-9ce4-1a89703a05b4

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 21 February 2006
                : 25 July 2005
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 39, Pages: 2909
                Product

                SciELO Public Health


                Sistemas sanitarios,Evaluación de resultados y de proceso,Estado de salud,Health status,Outcome and process assessment,Health care systems

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