In the Philippines, non-therapeutic genital cutting is viewed as a culturally sanctioned rite of passage from boyhood to manhood. Strong social and peer pressure is exerted on boys aged between 8-16years to submit to destructive genital cutting, despite the fact that many men who have been subjected to genital cutting during infancy or childhood often describe their experiences in the language of violence, torture, mutilation, and sexual assault. Among a group of 505 Filipino boys subjected to ritual genital cutting (Tuli), 69% fulfilled the DSM-IV criteria for a diagnosis of PTSD, while among 1072 boys circumcised by medical operators or their assistants, 51% exhibited PTSD symptoms. Pursuant to ritual genital cutting, almost 3 out of every 4 boys exhibited PTSD-like symptoms.
1072 Filipino boys (11–16 years) from the Batangas had undergone medical circumcision and 505 ritual circumcision (Tuli).
69% of the Tuli group exhibited PTSD symptoms and 51% of boys circumcised by medical operators exhibited PTSD symptoms.
Boys subjected to Tuli exhibited PTSD comparable to Vietnam veteran inpatients at St. Cloud (Minnesota) VA Medical Center..
Both groups reported higher PTSD (p < .0001) than women subjected to “very distressing or terrifying” obstetric procedures.
A limitation of the study was its failure to examine ongoing levels of PTSD in both groups over increasing time intervals.