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      Disease modifying therapies in multiple sclerosis: cost-effectiveness systematic review Translated title: Terapias modificadoras de la enfermedad en esclerosis múltiple: revisión sistemática de costo-efectividad

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          Abstract

          Abstract Objective: To identify and describe cost-effectiveness studies that eva luate disease modifying therapies in the context of relapsing-remitting mul tiple sclerosis. Method: A systematic review of the literature was carried out by searching MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Library, LILACS, the Tufts Medical Center Cost-Effectiveness Analysis Registry, the National Health Service Economic Evaluation Database and Open Grey. The search was performed in January 2018 and covered articles published between January 2010 and December 2017. The studies reviewed were payer-perspective cost-effectiveness analy ses for interferon beta-1 a, interferon beta-1 b, glatiramer acetate, teriflunomide, fingolimod, dimethyl fumarate, natalizumab, alemtuzumab and rituximab. The Quality of Health Economic Studies instrument was used to determine the quality of the studies reviewed. Risk of bias was assessed without a standar dized tool. An analysis was made of direct costs, quality-adjusted life-years and the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio. Data extraction and evaluation of information were conducted separately by each author. Results: Four hundred one references were found; nine studies were included. A great degree of variability was identified for several methodo logical aspects. Two studies that applied the incremental cost-effec tiveness ratio (cost) showed no first-line therapy to be cost-effective. A third study demonstrated dominance of interferon beta-1 b over placebo (USD -315,109.45) and a fourth paper showed dominance of teriflunomide over interferons and glatiramer acetate (USD -121,840.37). As regards second-line therapies, dimethyl fumarate was cost-effective in a study that compared it to glatiramer acetate and interferon beta-1a and it was dominant in another study that compared it with glatiramer ace tate (USD -158,89793) and fingolimod (USD -92,988.97). In the third line of treatment, one study showed natalizumab to be cost-effective as compared with fingolimod, and another study showed alemtuzumab to be dominant over fingolimod (USD -49,221). A third trial demonstrated alemtuzumab to be dominant over natalizumab (USD -1,656,266.07). Many of the trials have sponsorship bias. Eight of the trials received a high QHES score. Conclusions: The present paper shows that cost-effectiveness studies have high levels of methodological variability, some of them reaching contradictory results. As a result, it is not possible to determine which di sease-modifying therapy is really cost-effective in the context of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

          Translated abstract

          Resumen Objetivo: Identificar y describir los estudios de costo-efectividad que evalúan las terapias modificadoras de la enfermedad en esclerosis múlti ple recurrente-remitente. Método: Revisión sistemática de la literatura en MEDLINE, Embase, Co chrane Library, LILACS, Tufts Medical Center cost-effectiveness analysis registry, National Health Service economic evaluation database y Open Grey; búsqueda limitada entre enero de 2010 y diciembre de 2017, se ejecutó en enero de 2018. Se incluyeron modelos de costo-efectividad con perspectiva de pagador para interferón beta-1a, interferón beta-1b, acetato de glatiramero, teriflunomida, fingolimod, dimetilfumarato, natalizumab, alem tuzumab y rituximab. La herramienta Quality of Health Economic Studies fue usada para determinar la calidad de los estudios, el sesgo se evaluó sin una herramienta estandarizada, dada su no existencia. Se analizaron costos directos, años de vida ajustados por calidad y la razón de costo-efectividad incremental. La extracción de los datos y la evaluación de la información se realizaron por cada autor de forma independiente. Resultados: Se encontraron 401 referencias, se incluyeron nueve es tudios; hubo variabilidad en múltiples aspectos metodológicos. Según la razón de costo/efectividad incremental (costo), dos trabajos mostraron que ninguna terapia de primera línea fue costo-efectiva, un tercer estudio repor ta al interferón beta-1b como dominante sobre placebo (-315.109,45 dólar estadounidense (US$)) y un cuarto artículo expone a teriflunomida como dominante sobre interferones y acetato de glatiramero (-121.840,37 US$). Respecto a las terapias de segunda línea, dimetil fumarato fue costo-efectivo en un estudio comparado con acetato de glatiramero e interferón beta-1a y fue dominante en otro trabajo frente a acetato de glatiramero (-158.897,93 US$) y fingolimod (-92.988,97 US$). En la tercera línea de tratamiento, natalizumab fue costo-efectivo sobre fingolimod en un ar tículo, y alemtuzumab fue dominante contra fingolimod (-49.221 US$) en un segundo estudio. En un tercer ensayo el alemtuzumab fue dominante sobre natalizumab (-1.656.266,07 US$). Muchos estudios tuvieron sesgo de patrocinador. Ocho artículos obtuvieron alta puntuación de calidad con la herramienta Quality of Health Economic Studies. Conclusiones: Este trabajo demuestra que existe una gran variabilidad metodológica entre los estudios de costo-efectividad, y algunos de ellos tienen resultados contradictorios. No es posible determinar qué terapia mo dificadora de la enfermedad en esclerosis múltiple recurrente-remitente es costo-efectiva.

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          Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement

          Economic evaluations of health interventions pose a particular challenge for reporting. There is also a need to consolidate and update existing guidelines and promote their use in a user friendly manner. The Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards (CHEERS) statement is an attempt to consolidate and update previous health economic evaluation guidelines efforts into one current, useful reporting guidance. The primary audiences for the CHEERS statement are researchers reporting economic evaluations and the editors and peer reviewers assessing them for publication. The need for new reporting guidance was identified by a survey of medical editors. A list of possible items based on a systematic review was created. A two round, modified Delphi panel consisting of representatives from academia, clinical practice, industry, government, and the editorial community was conducted. Out of 44 candidate items, 24 items and accompanying recommendations were developed. The recommendations are contained in a user friendly, 24 item checklist. A copy of the statement, accompanying checklist, and this report can be found on the ISPOR Health Economic Evaluations Publication Guidelines Task Force website (http://www.ispor.org/TaskForces/EconomicPubGuidelines.asp). We hope CHEERS will lead to better reporting, and ultimately, better health decisions. To facilitate dissemination and uptake, the CHEERS statement is being co-published across 10 health economics and medical journals. We encourage other journals and groups, to endorse CHEERS. The author team plans to review the checklist for an update in five years.
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            Practice guideline recommendations summary: Disease-modifying therapies for adults with multiple sclerosis

            Neurology, 90(17), 777-788
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              Rituximab in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a 72-week, open-label, phase I trial.

              We evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacodynamics, and activity of B-cell depletion with rituximab in patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, receiving two courses of rituximab 6 months apart, and followed for a total of 72 weeks. No serious adverse events were noted; events were limited to mild-to-moderate infusion-associated events, which tended to decrease with subsequent infusions. Infections were also mild or moderate, and none led to withdrawal. Fewer new gadolinium-enhancing or T2 lesions were seen starting from week 4 and through week 72. An apparent reduction in relapses was also observed over the 72 weeks compared with the year before therapy.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                fh
                Farmacia Hospitalaria
                Farm Hosp.
                Grupo Aula Médica (Toledo, Toledo, Spain )
                1130-6343
                2171-8695
                April 2020
                : 44
                : 2
                : 68-76
                Affiliations
                [2] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1Grupo de Investigación en Neurología Colombia
                [3] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1School of Medicine orgdiv2Unit of Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine Colombia
                [4] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1School of Medicine orgdiv2Instituto de Investigaciones Clínicas Colombia
                [1] orgnameUniversidad Nacional de Colombia orgdiv1School of Medicine orgdiv2Unit of Clinical Neurology, Department of Medicine Colombia
                Article
                S1130-63432020000200068 S1130-6343(20)04400200068
                10.7399/fh.11385
                32452318
                1b191959-c8ee-43ab-a3cf-7fd8fd04a395

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 28 December 2019
                : 07 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 51, Pages: 9
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Review

                Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio,Años de vida ajustados por calidad,Systematic review,Quality-adjusted life-years,Esclerosis múltiple,Disease-modifying therapy,Análisis de costo-efectividad,Razón de costo-efectividad incremental,Terapia modificadora de la enfermedad,Revisión sistemática,Multiple sclerosis,Cost-effectiveness analysis

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