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      Correction: Modeling Occupancy of Hosts by Mistletoe Seeds after Accounting for Imperfect Detectability

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          Abstract

          The images for Figs 2 and 3 are incorrectly switched. The image that appears as Fig 2 should be Fig 3, and the image that appears for Fig 3 should be Fig 2. The figure captions appear in the correct order. Please see the corrected Figs 2 and 3 here. 10.1371/journal.pone.0163008.g001 Fig 2 Occupancy and detection probability of mistletoe seeds of Psittacanthus plagiophyllus deposited on the host Anacardium occidentale according to proximity to infected hosts host size (host crown diameter). Central markers represent means, and lines represent 95% confidence intervals. Both graphs were traced with estimates from the model Ψ (size+neighborhood), p (size+neighborhood). 10.1371/journal.pone.0163008.g002 Fig 3 Comparison of occupancy estimates of seeds of Psittacanthus plagiophyllus between two models: one using naïve estimates fitted with a logistic regression (logit (p) = 0.251 + 0.18 (host crown) - 1.64(neighbor)), and other using occupancy estimates accounted for detectability (first model of Table 1).

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          Modeling Occupancy of Hosts by Mistletoe Seeds after Accounting for Imperfect Detectability

          The detection of an organism in a given site is widely used as a state variable in many metapopulation and epidemiological studies. However, failure to detect the species does not necessarily mean that it is absent. Assessing detectability is important for occupancy (presence—absence) surveys; and identifying the factors reducing detectability may help improve survey precision and efficiency. A method was used to estimate the occupancy status of host trees colonized by mistletoe seeds of Psittacanthus plagiophyllus as a function of host covariates: host size and presence of mistletoe infections on the same or on the nearest neighboring host (the cashew tree Anacardium occidentale). The technique also evaluated the effect of taking detectability into account for estimating host occupancy by mistletoe seeds. Individual host trees were surveyed for presence of mistletoe seeds with the aid of two or three observers to estimate detectability and occupancy. Detectability was, on average, 17% higher in focal-host trees with infected neighbors, while decreased about 23 to 50% from smallest to largest hosts. The presence of mistletoe plants in the sample tree had negligible effect on detectability. Failure to detect hosts as occupied decreased occupancy by 2.5% on average, with maximum of 10% for large and isolated hosts. The method presented in this study has potential for use with metapopulation studies of mistletoes, especially those focusing on the seed stage, but also as improvement of accuracy in occupancy models estimates often used for metapopulation dynamics of tree-dwelling plants in general.
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            Journal
            PLoS One
            PLoS ONE
            plos
            plosone
            PLoS ONE
            Public Library of Science (San Francisco, CA USA )
            1932-6203
            16 September 2016
            2016
            : 11
            : 9
            : e0163008
            Article
            PONE-D-16-35340
            10.1371/journal.pone.0163008
            5026330
            27636096
            1b45a212-81fc-41df-b323-b50fca1bd48c
            © 2016 Fadini, Cintra

            This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

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