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      Aberrant right subclavian artery in a dog ˗ case report Translated title: [Ectopia de artéria subclávia direita em cão ˗ relato de caso]

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          Abstract

          ABSTRACT The brachiocephalic trunk and the left subclavian artery originate from the aortic arch, and both supply blood to the head, neck, and thoracic limbs. Anatomical variations, such as an aberrant right subclavian artery, are congenital conditions rarely observed in dogs, Thus, the objective of the present report was to describe a case of aberrant right subclavian artery in a 9-year-old Dalmatian. However, this anomaly was a finding in which the patient was asymptomatic during its 9 years of life and only at this age did he exhibit signs including sialorrhea, vomiting, hyporexia, and noisy deglutition. Blood count, biochemical profile, and thoracic radiography led to a diagnosis of megaesophagus and aspiration pneumonia. Despite the recommended treatment, the patient did not respond well; as such, the owner elected to euthanize the animal. On necropsy, the right subclavian artery originated directly from the aortic arch, followed a route from left to right dorsally to the esophagus, and then formed an impression of the vascular path over the muscular wall of the esophagus. The esophagus, in turn, exhibited a flaccid wall and dilation in the caudal portion to the vascular path made by the ectopic position of the right subclavian artery.

          Translated abstract

          RESUMO O tronco braquiocefálico e a artéria subclávia esquerda emergem do arco aórtico e são responsáveis por fazerem o suprimento sanguíneo para cabeça, pescoço e membros torácicos. Variações anatômicas, como a ectopia da artéria subclávia direita, são alterações congênitas raramente encontradas em cães, cujas alterações do sistema digestivo acontecem em pacientes recém-desmamados e não em adultos. Assim, o objetivo deste relato é descrever um caso de ectopia da artéria subclávia direita em uma cadela, Dálmata, de nove anos de idade. No entanto, essa anomalia foi um achado do qual o paciente foi assintomático durante os nove anos de vida e somente com essa idade apresentou sinais como sialorreia, vômito, hiporexia e deglutição ruidosa. O hemograma e os perfis bioquímicos, associados à radiografia torácica, levaram a um diagnóstico de megaesôfago e pneumonia aspirativa. Mesmo seguindo o tratamento recomendado, houve piora clínica do quadro e o animal foi submetido à eutanásia. À macroscopia, a artéria subclávia direita originava-se direto do arco aórtico, fazia um percurso da esquerda para a direita dorsalmente ao esôfago e, então, formava uma impressão do trajeto vascular sobre a parede muscular do esôfago. O esôfago, por sua vez, apresentava parede flácida e dilatação na porção caudal ao trajeto vascular feito pela posição ectópica da artéria subclávia direita.

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          The aberrant right subclavian artery: cadaveric study and literature review.

          Taking into consideration that the aberrant right subclavian artery (ARSA) is the commonest congenital aortic arch anomaly (prevalence 0.16-4.4%), our goal was to investigate its incidence in Greeks, with respect to location, course, and relationship to trachea and esophagus. Gender dimorphism, coexisting neural, and vascular variations were also examined. The clinical impact and embryological background of the variation are discussed.
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            Multiple vascular anomalies in a regurgitating German shepherd puppy.

            Five cardio-thoracic vascular anomalies were detected in a German shepherd puppy. The patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) was detected on physical examination (5/6 continuous murmur) and confirmed by echocardiogram. The persistent right aortic arch (PRAA) was suspected by the signalment and history of the patient, and confirmed by survey thoracic radiographs (leftward deviation of the trachea cranial to the heart on the ventrodorsal projection). The ventrally deviated trachea cranial to the heart on the right lateral thoracic radiograph was suggestive of a persistent retroesophageal left subclavian artery and confirmed at surgery. The persistent left cranial vena cava and the left azygous vein were detected at surgery. This case report gives a thorough description of the clinical signs, diagnostics and treatments required for the detection and successful resolution of PRAA. The report describes the importance of having experienced surgeons who can recognize vascular anomalies associated with PRAA in order to successfully alleviate the arch and the coinciding oesophageal stricture without compromising vital blood supplies.
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              Esophageal dysfunction in four alpaca crias and a llama cria with vascular ring anomalies.

              3 alpaca crias and cadavers of an alpaca cria and a llama cria were evaluated for evidence of esophageal dysfunction. All 5 crias were between 3 and 5 months of age when clinical signs developed, and all had a thin body condition when examined. Clinical signs included coughing, regurgitation, and grossly visible esophageal peristaltic waves. A barium esophagram was used to diagnose esophageal obstruction, megaesophagus, and a vascular ring anomaly (VRA). Fluoroscopy was used to evaluate deglutition, esophageal peristalsis, and the extent of esophageal dilation in 1 alpaca cria. A persistent right aortic arch was identified in 1 alpaca cria, and a left aortic arch with right ductus arteriosus or ligamentum arteriosum and an aberrant right subclavian artery were identified in the 4 remaining crias. Surgical correction of the VRA was attempted in the 3 live alpaca crias. It was complicated by the conformation and location of each VRA and inaccurate anatomic diagnosis of the VRAs before surgery. Treatment was universally unsuccessful because of intraoperative complications and the persistence of clinical signs after surgery. Megaesophagus is typically an idiopathic condition in camelids. However, these findings suggested that camelids with esophageal dysfunction during the neonatal period may have a VRA. The prognosis is grave for camelids with VRA, and accurate anatomic diagnosis of the VRA via the use of advanced imaging techniques (eg, angiography, computed tomography, or magnetic resonance imaging) may improve the success of surgical intervention.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                abmvz
                Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia
                Arq. Bras. Med. Vet. Zootec.
                Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Escola de Veterinária (Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil )
                0102-0935
                1678-4162
                December 2020
                : 72
                : 6
                : 2266-2270
                Affiliations
                [1] Alegre Espírito Santo orgnameUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias Brazil
                [2] Alegre Espírito Santo orgnameUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo orgdiv1Hospital Veterinário Brazil
                [3] Alegre Espírito Santo orgnameUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias Brazil
                [4] Alegre Espírito Santo orgnameUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo orgdiv1Centro de Ciências Agrárias e Engenharias Brazil
                Article
                S0102-09352020000602266 S0102-0935(20)07200602266
                10.1590/1678-4162-12078
                1b4b5323-a1bc-4e9c-b0a8-bd3fcfa7e691

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 06 June 2020
                : 25 August 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 19, Pages: 5
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI: Full text available only in PDF format (EN)
                Categories
                Veterinary Medicine

                vascular anomaly,canino,dilatação esofágica,arco aórtico,anomalia vascular,canine,esophageal dilation,aortic arch

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