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      On a new diatomyid (Rodentia, Mammalia) from the Paleogene of south-east Serbia, the first record of the family in Europe

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          Abstract

          A new diatomyid genus and species, Inopinatia balkanica, from the early Oligocene of south-east Serbia is described, and the affinities between the Diatomyidae and Ctenodactylidae are discussed. Inopinatia balkanica nov. gen. nov. sp. seems to have retained its deciduous teeth throughout life just as all other species of the family. The only other diatomyid described from outside south-east Asia which is Pierremus explorator López-Antoñanzas, 2010 is transferred to the thryonomyid species Paraphiomys knolli López-Antoñanzas and Sen, 2005.

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          Multiple molecular evidences for a living mammalian fossil.

          Laonastes aenigmamus is an enigmatic rodent first described in 2005. Molecular and morphological data suggested that it is the sole representative of a new mammalian family, the Laonastidae, and a member of the Hystricognathi. However, the validity of this family is controversial because fossil-based phylogenetic analyses suggest that Laonastes is a surviving member of the Diatomyidae, a family considered to have been extinct for 11 million years. According to these data, Laonastes and Diatomyidae are the sister clade of extant Ctenodactylidae (i.e., gundies) and do not belong to the Hystricognathi. To solve the phylogenetic position of Laonastes, we conducted a large-scale molecular phylogeny of rodents. The analysis includes representatives of all major rodent taxonomic groups and was based on 5.5 kb of sequence data from four nuclear and two mitochondrial genes. To further validate the obtained results, a short interspersed element insertion analysis including 11 informative loci was also performed. Our molecular data based on sequence and short interspersed element analyses unambiguously placed Laonastes as a sister clade of gundies. All alternative hypotheses were significantly rejected based on Shimodaira-Hasegawa tests, supporting the idea that Laonastes does not belong to the Hystricognathi. Molecular dating analysis also supports an ancient divergence, approximately 44 Mya ago, between Ctenodactylidae and Laonastes. These combined analyses support the hypothesis that Laonastes is indeed a living fossil. Protection of this surviving species would conserve an ancient mammalian family.
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            Morphological and molecular investigations of a new family, genus and species of rodent (Mammalia: Rodentia: Hystricognatha) from Lao PDR

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              Appendix II. On the Lower Miocene Vertebrates from British East Africa, collected by Dr. Felix Oswald

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                zoran.markovic@nhmbeo.rs
                w.wessels@uu.nl
                a.vandeweerd@uu.nl
                HdBruijn@uu.nl
                Journal
                Paleobiodivers Paleoenviron
                Paleobiodivers Paleoenviron
                Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments
                Springer Berlin Heidelberg (Berlin/Heidelberg )
                1867-1594
                1867-1608
                23 November 2017
                23 November 2017
                2018
                : 98
                : 3
                : 459-469
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Natural History Museum in Belgrade, Njegoševa 51, Belgrade, 11000 Serbia
                [2 ]ISNI 0000000120346234, GRID grid.5477.1, Department of Earth Sciences, , Utrecht University, ; Heidelberglaan 2, P.O. Box 80021, 3508TA Utrecht, the Netherlands
                Article
                301
                10.1007/s12549-017-0301-4
                6417379
                1b4dd3ee-acfa-4b2d-baf5-3586cbb4915a
                © The Author(s) 2017

                Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made.

                History
                : 31 March 2017
                : 19 May 2017
                : 28 August 2017
                Funding
                Funded by: Utrecht University
                Categories
                Original Paper
                Custom metadata
                © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung and Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature 2018

                rodentia,diatomyidae,oligocene,serbia,biogeography
                rodentia, diatomyidae, oligocene, serbia, biogeography

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