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      Three new species of Rhytidhysteron (Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota) from Mexico

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          Abstract

          The genus Rhytidhysteron is characterised by forming navicular to apothecial hysterothecia, exposing the green, yellow, orange, red, vinaceous or black colours of the hymenium which generally releases pigments in the presence of KOH. The exciple is smooth or striated, the asci bitunicate and ascospores have 1–5 transverse septa. To date, twenty-six Rhytidhysteron species have been described from the Tropics. The present study aims to describe three new species in the Neotropics of Mexico based on molecular methods and morphological features. Illustrations and a taxonomic key are provided for all known species of this genus. Rhytidhysteron cozumelense from the Isla Cozumel Biosphere Reserve, R. esperanzae from the Sierra Juárez, Oaxaca and R. mesophilum from the Sierra Madre Oriental, Hidalgo are described as new species. With the present study, the number of species of Rhytidhysteron known from Mexico is now increased to eight.

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          MAFFT Multiple Sequence Alignment Software Version 7: Improvements in Performance and Usability

          We report a major update of the MAFFT multiple sequence alignment program. This version has several new features, including options for adding unaligned sequences into an existing alignment, adjustment of direction in nucleotide alignment, constrained alignment and parallel processing, which were implemented after the previous major update. This report shows actual examples to explain how these features work, alone and in combination. Some examples incorrectly aligned by MAFFT are also shown to clarify its limitations. We discuss how to avoid misalignments, and our ongoing efforts to overcome such limitations.
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            MAFFT: a novel method for rapid multiple sequence alignment based on fast Fourier transform.

            K Katoh (2002)
            A multiple sequence alignment program, MAFFT, has been developed. The CPU time is drastically reduced as compared with existing methods. MAFFT includes two novel techniques. (i) Homo logous regions are rapidly identified by the fast Fourier transform (FFT), in which an amino acid sequence is converted to a sequence composed of volume and polarity values of each amino acid residue. (ii) We propose a simplified scoring system that performs well for reducing CPU time and increasing the accuracy of alignments even for sequences having large insertions or extensions as well as distantly related sequences of similar length. Two different heuristics, the progressive method (FFT-NS-2) and the iterative refinement method (FFT-NS-i), are implemented in MAFFT. The performances of FFT-NS-2 and FFT-NS-i were compared with other methods by computer simulations and benchmark tests; the CPU time of FFT-NS-2 is drastically reduced as compared with CLUSTALW with comparable accuracy. FFT-NS-i is over 100 times faster than T-COFFEE, when the number of input sequences exceeds 60, without sacrificing the accuracy.
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              AMPLIFICATION AND DIRECT SEQUENCING OF FUNGAL RIBOSOMAL RNA GENES FOR PHYLOGENETICS

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: InvestigationRole: ValidationRole: Writing - original draftRole: Writing - review and editing
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Validation
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: ResourcesRole: SupervisionRole: Validation
                Role: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: ResourcesRole: Validation
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Validation
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Validation
                Role: Funding acquisitionRole: SupervisionRole: Validation
                Role: Formal analysisRole: MethodologyRole: Software
                Role: ConceptualizationRole: Funding acquisitionRole: InvestigationRole: MethodologyRole: SupervisionRole: ValidationRole: Writing - original draft
                Journal
                MycoKeys
                MycoKeys
                11
                urn:lsid:arphahub.com:pub:C004A564-9D6A-5F9F-B058-6A3815DFE9C3
                MycoKeys
                Pensoft Publishers
                1314-4057
                1314-4049
                2021
                14 September 2021
                : 83
                : 123-144
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Micología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
                [2 ] Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio Experimental de Bacterias y Levaduras, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Querétaro Mexico
                [3 ] Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ficología, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Estado de México Mexico
                [4 ] Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas, Laboratorio de Ingeniería Genética, Prolongación de Carpio y Plan de Ayala s/n, Mexico City 11340, Mexico Instituto Politécnico Nacional Mexico City Mexico
                [5 ] Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Cerro de las Campanas s/n, Querétaro 76010, Mexico Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro Querétaro Mexico
                [6 ] Universidad Autónoma Chapingo, Departamento de Fitotecnia, Instituto de Horticultura, Km 38.5 Carretera Federal México-Texcoco, Texcoco, Estado de México 56230, Mexico Universidad Autónoma Chapingo Estado de México Mexico
                Author notes
                Corresponding author: Tania Raymundo ( traymundoo@ 123456ipn.mx )

                Academic editor: Cecile Gueidan

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2649-9906
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7585-4826
                Article
                68582
                10.3897/mycokeys.83.68582
                8455505
                1b679820-9c08-4f49-8357-eabe4d9dbf5b
                Aurora Cobos-Villagrán, Ricardo Valenzuela, César Hernández-Rodríguez, Rosa Paulina Calvillo-Medina, Lourdes Villa-Tanaca, Luz Elena Mateo-Cid, Abigail Pérez-Valdespino, César Ramiro Martínez-González, Tania Raymundo

                This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

                History
                : 12 May 2021
                : 09 August 2021
                Funding
                Instituto Politécnico Nacional
                Categories
                Review Article
                Hysteriaceae
                Identification Key
                Molecular Systematics
                Phylogeny
                Taxonomy
                Americas
                Mexico
                North America

                hysteriaceae , hysteriales ,neotropic,phylogeny, taxonomy

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