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      Volatile organic compounds released by maize following herbivory or insect extract application and communication between plants

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          Elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites.

          Plant secondary metabolites are unique sources for pharmaceuticals, food additives, flavors, and other industrial materials. Accumulation of such metabolites often occurs in plants subjected to stresses including various elicitors or signal molecules. Understanding signal transduction paths underlying elicitor-induced production of secondary metabolites is important for optimizing their commercial production. This paper summarizes progress made on several aspects of elicitor signal transduction leading to production of plant secondary metabolites, including: elicitor signal perception by various receptors of plants; avirulence determinants and corresponding plant R proteins; heterotrimeric and small GTP binding proteins; ion fluxes, especially Ca2+ influx, and Ca2+ signaling; medium alkalinization and cytoplasmic acidification; oxidative burst and reactive oxygen species; inositol trisphosphates and cyclic nucleotides (cAMP and cGMP); salicylic acid and nitric oxide; jasmonate, ethylene, and abscisic acid signaling; oxylipin signals such as allene oxide synthase-dependent jasmonate and hydroperoxide lyase-dependent C12 and C6 volatiles; as well as other lipid messengers such as lysophosphatidylcholine, phosphatidic acid, and diacylglycerol. All these signal components are employed directly or indirectly by elicitors for induction of plant secondary metabolite accumulation. Cross-talk between different signaling pathways is very common in plant defense response, thus the cross-talk amongst these signaling pathways, such as elicitor and jasmonate, jasmonate and ethylene, and each of these with reactive oxygen species, is discussed separately. This review also highlights the integration of multiple signaling pathways into or by transcription factors, as well as the linkage of the above signal components in elicitor signaling network through protein phosphorylation and dephosphorylation. Some perspectives on elicitor signal transduction and plant secondary metabolism at the transcriptome and metabolome levels are also presented.
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            Plant responses to insect herbivory: the emerging molecular analysis.

            Plants respond to herbivore attack with a bewildering array of responses, broadly categorized as direct and indirect defenses, and tolerance. Plant-herbivore interactions are played out on spatial scales that include the cellular responses, well-studied in plant-pathogen interactions, as well as responses that function at whole-plant and community levels. The plant's wound response plays a central role but is frequently altered by insect-specific elicitors, giving plants the potential to optimize their defenses. In this review, we emphasize studies that advance the molecular understanding of elicited direct and indirect defenses and include verifications with insect bioassays. Large-scale transcriptional changes accompany insect-induced resistance, which is organized into specific temporal and spatial patterns and points to the existence of herbivore-specific trans-activating elements orchestrating the responses. Such organizational elements could help elucidate the molecular control over the diversity of responses elicited by herbivore attack.
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              Biochemistry of plant volatiles.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal of Applied Entomology
                J. Appl. Entomol.
                Wiley
                09312048
                September 2017
                September 2017
                October 25 2016
                : 141
                : 8
                : 630-643
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Department of Entomology and Molecular Phytopathology; UTP University of Science and Technology; Bydgoszcz Poland
                [2 ]Forest Department Żołędowo; Osielsko Poland
                [3 ]Department of Plant Growth Principles and Experimental Methodology; UTP University of Science and Technology; Bydgoszcz Poland
                [4 ]Faculty of Chemistry; Nicolaus Copernicus University; Toruń Poland
                [5 ]Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods; Poznań University of Life Sciences; Poznań Poland
                Article
                10.1111/jen.12367
                1b9a609a-056e-41eb-b7ea-315b025f0551
                © 2016

                http://doi.wiley.com/10.1002/tdm_license_1.1

                http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/termsAndConditions#vor

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