To investigate the effects of different types of televised mass media campaign content on calls to the English NHS Stop Smoking helpline.
We used UK government-funded televised tobacco control campaigns from April 2005 to April 2010, categorised as either “positive” (eliciting happiness, satisfaction or hope) or “negative” (eliciting fear, guilt or disgust). We built negative binomial generalised additive models (GAMs) with linear and smooth terms for monthly per capita exposure to each campaign type (expressed as Gross Ratings Points, or GRPs) to determine their effect on calls in the same month. We adjusted for seasonal trends, inflation-adjusted weighted average cigarette prices and other tobacco control policies.
We found non-linear associations between exposure to positive and negative emotive campaigns and quitline calls. The rate of calls increased more than 50% as exposure to positive campaigns increased from 0 to 400 GRPs (rate ratio: 1.58, 95% CI: 1.25–2.01). An increase in calls in response to negative emotive campaigns was only apparent after monthly exposure exceeded 400 GRPs.
We studied the effects of anti-smoking campaign content on quitline calls in England.
Positive and negative televised campaigns increased calls to the national quitline.
The effects of both campaign types on monthly calls were non-linear.
There was a dose–response relationship between positive campaign reach and calls.
Negative campaigns were only effective once exposure exceeded a certain threshold.