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      The effect of fluoride iontophoresis on seal ability of self-etch adhesive in human dentin in vitro

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          Abstract

          Background

          Fluoride iontophoresis (FI) is a non-invasive method for the transfer of fluoride ions under electrical pressure into dental hard tissue. This study aimed to determine the effect of FI on the seal ability of self-etch adhesive in human dentin using dentin permeability test and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

          Methods

          The experiments were divided into 2 series: series 1 was performed on 28 extracted intact third molars and series 2 was performed on 28 extracted carious third molars (ICDAS 4 and 5). In each series, 20 teeth were used for dentin permeability test and 8 teeth were used for SEM study. For dentin permeability test, the specimens were divided into dentin without FI (control) and dentin with FI (experimental) subgroups. Hydraulic conductance (HD) of dentin was measured before and after adhesive treatment, and calculated for the percentage decrease of HD in each subgroup. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey test were used for statistical analysis. SEM study was used to assess the seal ability of self-etch adhesive and penetration of fluoride ions into dentinal tubules.

          Results

          HD after self-etch adhesive treatment reduced by 57.75 ± 17.99% in intact dentin with FI, 46.60 ± 17.03% in intact dentin without FI, 45.00 ± 15.30% in caries affected dentin without FI, and 37.28 ± 14.72% in caries affected dentin with FI. There was no significant difference in percentage decrease of HD between dentin without FI and dentin with FI ( P = 0.742); meanwhile, intact dentin with FI had significant greater percentage decrease than caries affected dentin with FI ( P < 0.05). SEM findings showed FI produced more particle formation and deeper precipitation in intact dentin than those in caries affected dentin.

          Conclusions

          FI did not affect the seal ability of self-etch adhesive in human dentin when compared to without FI. However, FI could augment the seal ability of the self-etch adhesive in intact dentin better than that in caries affected dentin.

          Supplementary Information

          The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12903-022-02146-w.

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          Most cited references35

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          Managing Carious Lesions: Consensus Recommendations on Terminology.

          Variation in the terminology used to describe clinical management of carious lesions has contributed to a lack of clarity in the scientific literature and beyond. In this article, the International Caries Consensus Collaboration presents 1) issues around terminology, a scoping review of current words used in the literature for caries removal techniques, and 2) agreed terms and definitions, explaining how these were decided.Dental cariesis the name of the disease, and thecarious lesionis the consequence and manifestation of the disease-the signs or symptoms of the disease. The termdental caries managementshould be limited to situations involving control of the disease through preventive and noninvasive means at a patient level, whereascarious lesion managementcontrols the disease symptoms at the tooth level. While it is not possible to directly relate the visual appearance of carious lesions' clinical manifestations to the histopathology, we have based the terminology around the clinical consequences of disease (soft, leathery, firm, and hard dentine). Approaches to carious tissue removal are defined: 1)selective removal of carious tissue-includingselective removal to soft dentineandselective removal to firm dentine; 2)stepwise removal-including stage 1,selective removal to soft dentine, and stage 2,selective removal to firm dentine6 to 12 mo later; and 3)nonselective removal to hard dentine-formerly known ascomplete caries removal(technique no longer recommended). Adoption of these terms, around managing dental caries and its sequelae, will facilitate improved understanding and communication among researchers and within dental educators and the wider clinical dentistry community.
            • Record: found
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            International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and its International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS) - methods for staging of the caries process and enabling dentists to manage caries.

            The aim of this article is to provide an overview of the International Caries Detection and Assessment System (ICDAS) and its associated International Caries Classification and Management System (ICCMS(™) ), explain the evolution of these systems over the past decade and outline how they are being used for staging of the caries process in order to enable dentists to manage caries appropriately. the article outlines and references the key steps in development of these systems. ICDAS employs an evidence-based and preventively oriented approach, is a detection and assessment system classifying stages of the caries process on the basis of histological extent and activity, is designed for use in the four domains of clinical practice, education, research and public health and provides all stakeholders with a common language for staging caries. Over a decade ICDAS has evolved to comprise a number of approved, compatible 'formats', supports decision making at both individual and public health levels and has generated the ICCMS(™) to enable improved long-term caries outcomes. A range of further developments are in train, to assist with information capture and making clinical systems simpler and more practice friendly. ICDAS provides flexible and increasingly internationally adopted methods for classifying stages of the caries process and the activity status of lesions which can be incorporated into the ICCMS(™) . The ICCMS(™) provides options to enable dentists to integrate and synthesize tooth and patient information, including caries risk status, in order to plan, manage and review caries in clinical and public health practice. © 2012 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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              Dentine permeability and dentine adhesion.

              The objectives of this paper are to review the structure of dentine as it pertains to adhesive bonding and to describe the importance of resin permeation into dentinal tubules and into spaces created between collagen fibrils by acid-etching during resin bonding. The advantages and disadvantages of separate acid-etching, priming and adhesive applications are discussed. Although not an exhaustive review, the concepts included in the review were obtained from the dentine bonding literature. Attempts were made to critically evaluate what is known about dentine permeability and adhesion and what remains to be discovered. Speculations were made on a number of controversial issues that are not yet resolved. Acid-etching of dentine produces profound changes in the chemical composition and physical properties of the matrix which can influence the quality of resin-dentine bonds, their strength and perhaps their durability.

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                kanittha.kij@mahidol.ac.th
                Journal
                BMC Oral Health
                BMC Oral Health
                BMC Oral Health
                BioMed Central (London )
                1472-6831
                2 April 2022
                2 April 2022
                2022
                : 22
                : 109
                Affiliations
                [1 ]GRID grid.10223.32, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0490, Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, , Mahidol University, ; Yothi Road, Bangkok, 10400 Thailand
                [2 ]GRID grid.10223.32, ISNI 0000 0004 1937 0490, Mahidol International Dental School, Faculty of Dentistry, , Mahidol University, ; Bangkok, Thailand
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2998-9257
                Article
                2146
                10.1186/s12903-022-02146-w
                8976950
                34980089
                1bdf180f-5b50-45f7-89fd-11d1123fdd69
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

                History
                : 4 October 2021
                : 25 March 2022
                Categories
                Research Article
                Custom metadata
                © The Author(s) 2022

                Dentistry
                caries affected dentin,human dentin,fluoride iontophoresis,seal ability,self-etch adhesive

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