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      Sampling and analysis techniques for inorganic air pollutants in indoor air

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          Global, national, and urban burdens of paediatric asthma incidence attributable to ambient NO2 pollution: estimates from global datasets

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            Carbon dioxide generation rates for building occupants

            Indoor carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) concentrations have been used for decades to characterize building ventilation and indoor air quality. Many of these applications require rates of CO 2 generation from the building occupants, which are currently based on approaches and data that are several decades old. However, CO 2 generation rates can be derived from well-established concepts within the fields of human metabolism and exercise physiology, which relate these rates to body size and composition, diet, and level of physical activity. This paper reviews how CO 2 generation rates have been estimated in the past and discusses how they can be characterized more accurately. Based on this information, a new approach to estimating CO 2 generation rates is presented, which is based on the described concepts from the fields of human metabolism and exercise physiology. Using this approach and more recent data on body mass and physical activity, values of CO 2 generation rates from building occupants are presented along with the variability that may occur based on body mass and activity data.
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              Exhaled CO 2 as a COVID-19 Infection Risk Proxy for Different Indoor Environments and Activities

              CO2 is co-exhaled with aerosols containing SARS-CoV-2 by COVID-19-infected people and can be used as a proxy of SARS-CoV-2 concentrations indoors. Indoor CO2 measurements by low-cost sensors hold promise for mass monitoring of indoor aerosol transmission risk for COVID-19 and other respiratory diseases. We derive analytical expressions of CO2-based risk proxies and apply them to various typical indoor environments. The relative infection risk in a given environment scales with excess CO2 level, and thus, keeping CO2 as low as feasible in a space allows optimization of the protection provided by ventilation. We show that the CO2 level corresponding to a given absolute infection risk varies by >2 orders of magnitude for different environments and activities. Although large uncertainties, mainly from virus exhalation rates, are still associated with infection risk estimates, our study provides more specific and practical recommendations for low-cost CO2-based indoor infection risk monitoring.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                (View ORCID Profile)
                (View ORCID Profile)
                Journal
                Applied Spectroscopy Reviews
                Applied Spectroscopy Reviews
                Informa UK Limited
                0570-4928
                1520-569X
                December 31 2021
                : 1-49
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Universidad de Castilla La Mancha. Instituto de Investigación en Combustión y Contaminación Atmosférica, Spain
                [2 ]Parque Científico y Tecnológico de Castilla La Mancha, Albacete, Spain
                [3 ]Fundación Centro de Estudios Ambientales del Mediterráneo (CEAM), Paterna, Valencia, Spain
                [4 ]Tartu College, School of Engineering, Tallinn University of Technology, Tartu, Estonia
                [5 ]Nosmo Tech, Cambridge, UK
                [6 ]LAETA-INEGI, Associated Laboratory for Energy and Aeronautics - Institute of Science and Innovation in Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, Porto, Portugal
                Article
                10.1080/05704928.2021.2020807
                1be1eb22-c1e0-4a42-be18-8a0834e7ab07
                © 2021

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/

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