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      Call for Papers: Digital Platforms and Artificial Intelligence in Dementia

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      About Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders: 2.2 Impact Factor I 4.7 CiteScore I 0.809 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      About Skin Pharmacology and Physiology: 2.8 Impact Factor I 5.2 CiteScore I 0.623 Scimago Journal & Country Rank (SJR)

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      Association of Alopecia Areata with Sensorineural Hearing Loss: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

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          Abstract

          Background

          Immune-mediated melanocyte-related pathogenesis in alopecia areata (AA) may cause sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, the relation between AA and SNHL has been unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate this association between AA and SNHL.

          Methods

          We performed a systematic review and searched MEDLINE and Embase on July 25, 2022, for cross-sectional, case-control, or cohort studies that examined the association of AA with SNHL. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale was used to evaluate their risk of bias. A random-effects model meta-analysis was performed to obtain the mean differences in frequency-specific hearing thresholds between AA patients and age-matched healthy controls and the pooled odds ratio for SNHL in relation to AA.

          Results

          We included 5 case-control studies and 1 cohort study, with none of them rated with high risk of biases. The meta-analysis showed AA patients had significantly higher mean differences in pure-tone hearing thresholds at 4,000 Hz and 12,000–12,500 Hz. The meta-analysis also found increased odds for SNHL among patients with AA (OR: 3.18; 95% CI: 2.06–4.89; I 2 = 0%).

          Conclusions

          AA is associated with an increase of SNHL, especially at high frequencies. Otologic consultation may be indicated if AA patients present with hearing loss or tinnitus.

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          Most cited references54

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          Meta-analysis in clinical trials

          Rebecca DerSimonian, Nan Laird (1986)
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            Meta-analysis of observational studies in epidemiology: a proposal for reporting. Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) group.

            D F Stroup, J A Berlin, S C Morton … (2000)
            Because of the pressure for timely, informed decisions in public health and clinical practice and the explosion of information in the scientific literature, research results must be synthesized. Meta-analyses are increasingly used to address this problem, and they often evaluate observational studies. A workshop was held in Atlanta, Ga, in April 1997, to examine the reporting of meta-analyses of observational studies and to make recommendations to aid authors, reviewers, editors, and readers. Twenty-seven participants were selected by a steering committee, based on expertise in clinical practice, trials, statistics, epidemiology, social sciences, and biomedical editing. Deliberations of the workshop were open to other interested scientists. Funding for this activity was provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. We conducted a systematic review of the published literature on the conduct and reporting of meta-analyses in observational studies using MEDLINE, Educational Research Information Center (ERIC), PsycLIT, and the Current Index to Statistics. We also examined reference lists of the 32 studies retrieved and contacted experts in the field. Participants were assigned to small-group discussions on the subjects of bias, searching and abstracting, heterogeneity, study categorization, and statistical methods. From the material presented at the workshop, the authors developed a checklist summarizing recommendations for reporting meta-analyses of observational studies. The checklist and supporting evidence were circulated to all conference attendees and additional experts. All suggestions for revisions were addressed. The proposed checklist contains specifications for reporting of meta-analyses of observational studies in epidemiology, including background, search strategy, methods, results, discussion, and conclusion. Use of the checklist should improve the usefulness of meta-analyses for authors, reviewers, editors, readers, and decision makers. An evaluation plan is suggested and research areas are explored.
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              Estimating the mean and variance from the median, range, and the size of a sample

              Stela Pudar Hozo, Benjamin Djulbegovic, Iztok Hozo (2005)
              Background Usually the researchers performing meta-analysis of continuous outcomes from clinical trials need their mean value and the variance (or standard deviation) in order to pool data. However, sometimes the published reports of clinical trials only report the median, range and the size of the trial. Methods In this article we use simple and elementary inequalities and approximations in order to estimate the mean and the variance for such trials. Our estimation is distribution-free, i.e., it makes no assumption on the distribution of the underlying data. Results We found two simple formulas that estimate the mean using the values of the median (m), low and high end of the range (a and b, respectively), and n (the sample size). Using simulations, we show that median can be used to estimate mean when the sample size is larger than 25. For smaller samples our new formula, devised in this paper, should be used. We also estimated the variance of an unknown sample using the median, low and high end of the range, and the sample size. Our estimate is performing as the best estimate in our simulations for very small samples (n ≤ 15). For moderately sized samples (15 70), the formula range/6 gives the best estimator for the standard deviation (variance). We also include an illustrative example of the potential value of our method using reports from the Cochrane review on the role of erythropoietin in anemia due to malignancy. Conclusion Using these formulas, we hope to help meta-analysts use clinical trials in their analysis even when not all of the information is available and/or reported.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Dermatology
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Dermatology
                Journal ID (hwp): DRM
                Journal ID (publisher-id): DRM
                Title: Dermatology (Basel, Switzerland)
                Publisher: S. Karger AG (Basel, Switzerland )
                ISSN (Print): 1018-8665
                ISSN (Electronic): 1421-9832
                Publication date (Electronic): 24 April 2023
                Publication date (Print): August 2023
                Volume: 239
                Issue: 4
                Pages: 523-532
                Affiliations
                [a ]Division of Otology, Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
                [b ]Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
                [c ]Department of Dermatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Linkou, Taoyuan, Taiwan
                [d ]Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
                [e ]School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
                Author notes
                Correspondence to: Ching-Chi Chi, chingchi@ 123456cgmh.org.tw
                Article
                Publisher ID: 530784
                DOI: 10.1159/000530784
                PMC ID: 10407832
                PubMed ID: 37094565
                SO-VID: 1c07274c-9857-4596-960f-8cf47e2fa99a
                Copyright © © 2023 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel
                License:

                This article is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC) ( http://www.karger.com/Services/OpenAccessLicense). Usage and distribution for commercial purposes requires written permission.

                History
                Date received : 26 July 2022
                Date accepted : 3 April 2023
                Date: 2023
                Page count
                Figures: 5, Tables: 1, References: 55, Pages: 10
                Funding
                No funding was received for the conduct of this study or the preparation of this article.
                Categories
                Subject: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: hearing loss,meta-analysis,systematic review,alopecia areata
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Dermatology
                Keywords: hearing loss, meta-analysis, systematic review, alopecia areata

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