12
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: found
      • Article: found
      Is Open Access

      Association Metabolic Obesity Phenotypes with Cardiometabolic Index, Atherogenic Index of Plasma and Novel Anthropometric Indices: A Link of FTO-rs9939609 Polymorphism

      research-article

      Read this article at

      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Abstract

          Background

          The role of metabolic states in cardiovascular risks among individuals with varying degrees of obesity is unknown. The study aimed to compare cardiometabolic index (CMI), atherogenic index of plasma (AIP), lipid accumulation product (LAP) and novel anthropometric indices in metabolic and non-metabolically obese individual with regard to the role of FTO gene in Iranian adults.

          Methods

          In total, 165 individuals were recruited into this cross-sectional study. Individuals grouped into four groups: metabolic healthy normal-weight (MHNW) individuals, metabolically unhealthy normal-weight (MUNW) individuals, metabolically healthy obese (MHO) individuals and metabolic unhealthy obese (MUO) individuals. The dietary intake was evaluated by food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The cardiovascular indices (CMI, AIP and LAP) were calculated. A variety of anthropometric indices were calculated, including body adiposity Index (BAI), weight-adjusted-waist index (WWI), A body shape index (ABSI) and waist-height ratio (WHR). The genotypes of FTO-rs9939609 subjects were detected by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP).

          Results

          The individuals with metabolically unhealthy phenotypes (MUO, MUNW) have higher levels of triglyceride and cardiovascular indices (AIP, LAP and CMI) than the individuals with metabolic healthy phenotypes (MHO, MHNW). With a similar degree of obesity, the anthropometric indices (BAI, WWI and WHR) levels were higher in metabolic unhealthy groups than metabolically healthy groups. The highest frequency of obesity-risk allele AA of FTO gene was observed in MUO, MHO, MUNW and MHNW, respectively.

          Conclusion

          Normal-weight individuals with metabolic unhealthy status are at higher risk for cardiovascular diseases than obese individuals with metabolically healthy status. The genotype frequencies of obesity-risk allele AA of FTO gene were higher in obesity phenotypes than metabolic phenotypes.

          Related collections

          Most cited references31

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          Causes, Characteristics, and Consequences of Metabolically Unhealthy Normal Weight in Humans.

          A BMI in the normal range associates with a decreased risk of cardiometabolic disease and all-cause mortality. However, not all subjects in this BMI range have this low risk. Compared to people who are of normal weight and metabolically healthy, subjects who are of normal weight but metabolically unhealthy (∼20% of the normal weight adult population) have a greater than 3-fold higher risk of all-cause mortality and/or cardiovascular events. Here we address to what extent major risk phenotypes determine metabolic health in lean compared to overweight and obese people and provide support for the existence of a lipodystrophy-like phenotype in the general population. Furthermore, we highlight the molecular mechanisms that induce this phenotype. Finally, we propose strategies as to how this knowledge could be implemented in the prevention and treatment of cardiometabolic diseases in different stages of adiposity in routine clinical practice.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            The metabolically healthy but obese individual presents a favorable inflammation profile.

            The purpose of this study was to investigate the inflammatory state in obese women displaying the "metabolically healthy but obese" (MHO) phenotype. We examined the metabolic characteristics of 88 obese, sedentary postmenopausal women. Subjects were classified as MHO or as "at risk" based on the upper and lower quartiles of insulin sensitivity as measured by the hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp technique. Thereafter, we determined 1) body composition, 2) body fat distribution, 3) plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels, 4) glucose homeostasis, 5) resting blood pressure, 6) peak oxygen consumption, and 7) inflammation markers as potential modulators of differences in the coronary risk profile. Twenty-two MHO women displayed high insulin sensitivity (15.35 +/- 2.3 mg/min.kg fat-free mass), and 22 at risk subjects with low insulin sensitivity (7.98 +/- 1.4 mg/min.kg fat-free mass) were identified. Despite comparable total body fatness between groups (47.7 +/- 4.8 vs. 45.5 +/- 4.4%; not significant), MHO individuals had significantly lower levels of visceral fat, fasting insulin, plasma triglycerides, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (CRP), and alpha-1 antitrypsin levels and higher levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol than at risk individuals (P < 0.05). Stepwise regression analysis showed that CRP, fasting triglycerides, and the lean body mass index explained 19.5, 8.5, and 4.0%, respectively, of the variance observed in glucose disposal (total r(2) = 0.320; P < 0.001). Results of the present study indicate that postmenopausal women displaying the MHO phenotype also have a favorable inflammation profile as shown by lower CRP and alpha-1 antitrypsin levels compared with insulin-resistant women. This suggests that a lower inflammation state, as attested by low CRP levels, could play a role in the protective profile of the MHO individual, and this may be associated metabolically to a lower risk for cardiovascular disease.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Metabolically healthy obesity: definitions, determinants and clinical implications.

              Obesity is associated with increased risk of developing metabolic syndrome (MetS), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) leading to higher all-cause mortality. However accumulating evidence suggests that not all obese subjects are at increased cardiometabolic risk and that the "metabolically healthy obese" (MHO) phenotype may exist in the absence of metabolic abnormalities. Despite the knowledge of the existence of obese metabolic phenotypes for some time now there is no standard set of criteria to define metabolic health, thus impacting on the accurate estimation of the prevalence of the MHO phenotype and making comparability between studies difficult. Furthermore prospective studies tracking the development of cardiometabolic disease and mortality in MHO have also produced conflicting results. Limited data regards the determinants of the MHO phenotype exist, particularly in relation to dietary and lifestyle behaviours. In light of the current obesity epidemic it is clear that current "one size fits all" approaches to tackle obesity are largely unsuccessful. Whether dietary, lifestyle and/or therapeutic interventions based on stratification of obese individuals according to their metabolic health phenotype are more effective remains to be seen, with limited and conflicting data available so far. This review will present the current state of the art including the epidemiology of MHO and its definitions, what factors may be important in determining metabolic health status and finally, some potential implications of the MHO phenotype in the context of obesity diagnosis, interventions and treatment.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                Vasc Health Risk Manag
                Vasc Health Risk Manag
                VHRM
                vhriskman
                Vascular Health and Risk Management
                Dove
                1176-6344
                1178-2048
                24 June 2020
                2020
                : 16
                : 249-256
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
                [2 ]Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
                [3 ]Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
                [4 ]Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Diabetes Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
                [5 ]Department of Statistics and Epidemiology, Faculty of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
                [6 ]Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences , Ahvaz, Iran
                Author notes
                Correspondence: Seyed Ahmad Hosseini Hyperlipidemia Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences ,Ahvaz,Iran Email Seyedahmadhosseini@yahoo.com
                Author information
                http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4459-4528
                Article
                251927
                10.2147/VHRM.S251927
                7322142
                32612360
                1c1f519f-b401-4e2b-a66b-7dda76db3cd7
                © 2020 Abolnezhadian et al.

                This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

                History
                : 29 February 2020
                : 26 May 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 6, Tables: 4, References: 35, Pages: 8
                Funding
                Funded by: Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences 10.13039/501100005001
                Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
                Categories
                Original Research

                Cardiovascular Medicine
                cardiovascular,atherogenic index,obesity,fto
                Cardiovascular Medicine
                cardiovascular, atherogenic index, obesity, fto

                Comments

                Comment on this article