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      Riesgo de infección por SARS-CoV-2 en trabajadores sanitarios altamente expuestos Translated title: Risk of sars-cov-2 infection in highly exposed health workers

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Objetivos: El presente estudio permite establecer el perfil de trabajador más susceptible a la infección por SARS-CoV-2, describir la seroprevalencia y conocer la presencia de anosmia y/o disgeusia. Material y Métodos: Se realizó un estudio epidemiológico descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo durante 263 días en una UCI de un hospital terciario. Se incluyeron 146 trabajadores de 11 categorías distintas. Se consultaron los resultados de las pruebas diagnósticas de infección y se realizó una entrevista telefónica. Resultados: 56 trabajadores se infectaron (39,4%). El riesgo de infección en sanitarios fue superior (OR 3,38). El personal de enfermería y el trabajo a turnos presentó una tasa de infección más elevada (p= 0, 000). Se detectaron anticuerpos Anti SARS-CoV-2 (AntiN) IgG durante más de 4 meses. El 38,1% desarrolló anosmia y/o disgeusia con una recuperación de 117,41 días de media. Conclusiones: Los datos obtenidos pueden resultar de interés para la evaluación del riesgo ocupacional frente al SARS-CoV-2 en el ámbito sanitario.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Objectives: The present study makes it possible to establish the profile of the worker most susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, describe seroprevalence and determine the presence of anosmia and / or dysgeusia. Material and Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and retrospective epidemiological study was carried out for 263 days in an ICU of a tertiary hospital. One hundred forty-six workers from 11 different categories were included. The results of the diagnostic tests for infection were consulted, and a telephone interview was carried out. Results: Fifty-six workers were infected (39.4%). The risk of infection in healthcare workers was higher (OR 3.38). Nursing staff and shift workers had a higher infection rate (p = 0, 000). Anti SARS-CoV-2 (AntiN) IgG antibodies were detected for more than four months. 38.1% developed anosmia and/or dysgeusia with a recovery of 117.41 days on average. Conclusions: The data obtained may be of interest for assessing occupational risk against SARS-CoV-2 in the health field.

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          Most cited references21

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          COVID-19 Anosmia Reporting Tool: Initial Findings

          There is accumulating anecdotal evidence that anosmia and dysgeusia are associated with the COVID-19 pandemic. To investigate their relationship to SARS-CoV2 infection, the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery developed the COVID-19 Anosmia Reporting Tool for Clinicians for the basis of this pilot study. This tool allows health care providers to confidentially submit cases of anosmia and dysgeusia related to COVID-19. We analyzed the first 237 entries, which revealed that anosmia was noted in 73% of patients prior to COVID-19 diagnosis and was the initial symptom in 26.6%. Some improvement was noted in 27% of patients, with a mean time to improvement of 7.2 days in this group (85% of this group improved within 10 days). Our findings suggest that anomia can be a presenting symptom of COVID-19, consistent with other emerging international reports. Anosmia may be critical in timely identification of individuals infected with SARS-CoV2 who may be unwittingly transmitting the virus.
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            Sudden and Complete Olfactory Loss Function as a Possible Symptom of COVID-19

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              Anosmia and dysgeusia in COVID-19: A systematic review

              Background: This systematic review had three aims: i) to determine the frequency of anosmia (or other smell disorders) and dysgeusia (or other taste disorders) in COVID-19 patients; ii) to determine whether anosmia or dysgeusia are independently associated with COVID-19 diagnosis; and iii) to determine whether anosmia or dysgeusia are prognostic factors for impaired outcomes among COVID-19 patients. Methods: On April 20 th, 2020, we search MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, Scopus, Web of Science and MedXriv. We used terms related to COVID-19, smell and taste disorders. We selected case series, cross-sectional, case-control and cohort studies. We included studies with COVID-19 patients describing their symptoms; studies that compared smell and taste disorders between COVID-19 patients and otherwise healthy subjects; and studies comparing smell and taste disorders between COVID-19 severe and mild/moderate cases. Because of methodological heterogeneity and the limited number of results, a qualitative synthesis is presented. Results: From 31 reports, we selected six (n=2,757). Six studies reported the proportion of smell and taste disorders among COVID-19 patients. Two reports studied whether smell and taste disorders were independently associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. No reports studied the association with impaired outcomes among COVID-19 patients. The frequency of anosmia ranged between 22%-68%. The definition of taste disorders varied greatly, with dysgeusia present in 33% and ageusia in 20%. People who reported loss of smell and taste had six-fold higher odds of being COVID-19 positive; similarly, anosmia and ageusia were associated with 10-fold higher odds of COVID-19 diagnosis. Conclusions: The frequency of smell and taste disorders is as high as other symptoms, thus, at least anosmia for which the definition was more consistent, could be included in lists of COVID-19 symptoms. Although there is promising evidence, it is premature to conclude that smell and taste disorders are strongly associated with COVID-19 diagnosis. Registration: PROSPERO CRD42020181308
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                medtra
                Revista de la Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo
                Rev Asoc Esp Espec Med Trab
                Asociación Española de Especialistas en Medicina del Trabajo (Madrid, Madrid, Spain )
                1132-6255
                3020-1160
                2022
                : 31
                : 1
                : 9-18
                Affiliations
                [1] orgnameHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón orgdiv1Servicio de Prevención de Riesgos Laborales Spain
                Article
                S3020-11602022000100002 S3020-1160(22)03100100002
                1c229b71-f17e-4777-8d1a-0e5a528d4b7d

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 29 March 2022
                : 15 June 2021
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 22, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Textos Originales

                Intensive Care,COVID-19,riesgo ocupacional,Cuidados Intensivos,Occupational Risk

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