26
views
0
recommends
+1 Recommend
0 collections
    0
    shares
      • Record: found
      • Abstract: not found
      • Article: not found

      Neurophysiological effects of spinal manipulation

      The Spine Journal
      Elsevier BV

      Read this article at

      ScienceOpenPublisher
      Bookmark
          There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

          Related collections

          Most cited references62

          • Record: found
          • Abstract: found
          • Article: not found

          The role of paraspinal muscle spindles in lumbosacral position sense in individuals with and without low back pain.

          A two-group experimental design with repeated measures on one factor was used. To investigate the role of paraspinal muscle spindles in lumbosacral position sense in individuals with and without low back pain. Proprioceptive deficits have been identified in patients with low back pain. The underlying mechanisms, however, are not well documented. Lumbosacral position sense was determined before, during, and after lumbar paraspinal muscle vibration in 23 young patients with low back pain and in 21 control subjects. Position sense was estimated by calculating the mean absolute error, constant error, and variable error between six criterion and reproduction sacral tilt angles. Repositioning accuracy was significantly lower in the patient group than in healthy individuals (absolute error difference between groups = 2.7 degrees, P /= 0.05) and in the patient group (P > 0.05). Patients with low back pain have a less refined position sense than healthy individuals, possibly because of an altered paraspinal muscle spindle afference and central processing of this sensory input. Furthermore, muscle vibration can be an interesting expedient for improving proprioception and enhancing local muscle control.
            Bookmark
            • Record: found
            • Abstract: found
            • Article: not found

            Muscle response pattern to sudden trunk loading in healthy individuals and in patients with chronic low back pain.

            A quick-release method in four directions of isometric trunk exertions was used to study the muscle response patterns in 17 patients with chronic low back pain and 17 matched control subjects. It was hypothesized that patients with low back pain would react to sudden load release with a delayed muscle response and would exhibit altered muscle recruitment patterns. A delay in erector spinae reaction time after sudden loading has been observed in patients with low back pain. Muscle recruitment and timing pattern play an important role in maintaining lumbar spine stability. Subjects were placed in a semiseated position in an apparatus that provided stable fixation of the pelvis. They exerted isometric contractions in trunk flexion, extension, and lateral bending. Each subject performed three trials at two constant force levels. The resisted force was suddenly released with an electromagnet and electromyogram signals from 12 trunk muscles were recorded. The time delay between the magnet release and the shut-off or switch-on of muscle activity (reaction time) was compared between two groups of subjects using two-factor analysis of variance. The number of reacting muscles and reaction times averaged over all trials and directions showed the following results: For healthy control subjects a shut-off of agonistic muscles (with a reaction time of 53 msec) occurred before the switch-on of antagonistic muscles (with a reaction time of 70 msec). Patients exhibited a pattern of co-contraction, with agonists remaining active (3.4 out of 6 muscles switched off) while antagonists switched on (5.3 out of 6 muscles). Patients also had longer muscle reaction times for muscles shutting off (70 msec) and switching on (83 msec) and furthermore, their individual muscle reaction times showed greater variability. Patients with low back pain, in contrast to healthy control subjects, demonstrated a significantly different muscle response pattern in response to sudden load release. These differences may either constitute a predisposing factor to low back injuries or a compensation mechanism to stabilize the lumbar spine.
              Bookmark
              • Record: found
              • Abstract: found
              • Article: not found

              Sensory afferent impulses originate from dorsal root ganglia as well as from the periphery in normal and nerve injured rats.

              Single units were recorded in dorsal roots or in the sciatic nerve of anaesthetised rats. It was shown by making sections, by stimulation and by collision that some ongoing nerve impulses were originating from the dorsal root ganglia and not from the central or peripheral ends of the axons. In a sample of 2731 intact or acutely sectioned myelinated sensory fibres, 4.75% +/- 3.7% contained impulses generated within the dorsal root ganglia. In 2555 axons sectioned in the periphery 2-109 days before, this percentage rose to 8.6% +/- 4.8%. There was a considerable variation between animals; 0-14% in intact and acutely sectioned nerves and 1-21% in chronically sectioned nerves. The conduction velocity of the active fibres did not differ significantly from the conduction velocity of unselected fibres. The common pattern of ongoing activity from the ganglion was irregular and with a low frequency (about 4 Hz) in contrast to the pattern of impulses originating in a neuroma which usually have a higher frequency with regular intervals. Slight mechanical pressure on the dorsal root ganglion increased the frequency of impulses. Unmyelinated fibres were also found to contain impulses originating in the dorsal root ganglion. In intact or acutely sectioned unmyelinated axons, the percentage of active fibres 4.4% +/- 3.5% was approximately the same as in myelinated fibres but there were no signs of an increase following chronic section. Fine filament dissection of dorsal roots and of peripheral nerves and collision experiments showed that impulses originating in dorsal root ganglia were propagated both orthodromically into the root and antidromically into the peripheral nerve. It was also shown that the same axon could contain two different alternating sites of origin of nerve impulses: one in the neuroma or sensory ending and one in the ganglion. These observations suggest that the dorsal root ganglion with its ongoing activity and mechanical sensitivity could be a source of pain producing impulses and could particularly contribute to pain in those conditions of peripheral nerve damage where pain persists after peripheral anaesthesia or where vertebral manipulation is painful.
                Bookmark

                Author and article information

                Journal
                The Spine Journal
                The Spine Journal
                Elsevier BV
                15299430
                September 2002
                September 2002
                : 2
                : 5
                : 357-371
                Article
                10.1016/S1529-9430(02)00400-X
                1c3b4f3f-f334-4f4f-a51f-60a88d067a62
                © 2002

                http://www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/

                History

                Comments

                Comment on this article