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      Pre-transplant risk factors for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia/bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia after hematopoietic cell transplantation

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          Abstract

          Cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP), previously known as bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), is a significant complication after allogeneic hematopoietic SCT (HCT). However, the pathogenesis of this complication has not yet been elucidated. Therefore, we identified the pre-transplant risk factors for the development of COP/BOOP using the Japan transplant registry database between 2005 and 2009. Among 9550 eligible recipients, 193 experienced COP/BOOP (2%). HLA disparity (odds ratio (OR) 1.51, P=0.05), female-to-male HCT (OR 1.53, P=0.023), and PBSC transplant (OR 1.84, P=0.0076) were significantly associated with an increased risk of COP/BOOP. On the other hand, BU-based myeloablative conditioning (OR 0.52, P=0.033), or fludarabine-based reduced-intensity conditioning (OR 0.50, P=0.0011) in comparison with a TBI-based regimen and in vivo T-cell depletion (OR 0.46, P=0.055) were associated with a lower risk. Of the 193 patients with COP/BOOP, 77 died, including non-relapse death in 46 (59%). Pulmonary failure and fatal infection accounted for 41% (n=19) and 26% (n=12) of the non-relapse death. Allogeneic immunity and conditioning toxicity could be associated with COP/BOOP. Prospective studies are required to elucidate the true risk factors for COP/BOOP and to develop a prophylactic approach.

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          Most cited references25

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          Chronic graft-versus-host syndrome in man

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            Reduced-intensity conditioning regimen workshop: defining the dose spectrum. Report of a workshop convened by the center for international blood and marrow transplant research.

            During the 2006 BMT Tandem Meetings, a workshop was convened by the Center for International Blood and Marrow Transplant Research (CIBMTR) to discuss conditioning regimen intensity and define boundaries of reduced-intensity conditioning (RIC) before hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). The goal of the workshop was to determine the acceptance of available RIC definitions in the transplant community. Participants were surveyed regarding their opinions on specific statements on conditioning regimen intensity. Questions covered the "Champlin criteria," as well as operational definitions used in registry studies, exemplified in clinical vignettes. A total of 56 participants, including transplantation physicians, transplant center directors, and transplantation nurses, with a median of 12 years of experience in HCT, answered the survey. Of these, 67% agreed that a RIC regimen should cause reversible myelosuppression when administered without stem cell support, result in low nonhematologic toxicity, and, after transplantation, result in mixed donor-recipient chimerism at the time of first assessment in most patients. Likewise, the majority (71%) agreed or strongly agreed that regimens including < 500 cGy of total body irradiation as a single fraction or 800 cGy in fractionated doses, busulfan dose < 9 mg/kg, melphalan dose <140 mg/m(2), or thiotepa dose < 10 mg/kg should be considered RIC regimens. However, only 32% agreed or strongly agreed that the combination of carmustine, etoposide, cytarabine, and melphalan (BEAM) should be considered a RIC regimen. These results demonstrate that although HCT professionals have not reached a consensus on what constitutes a RIC regimen, most accept currently used criteria and operational definitions. These results support the continued use of current criteria for RIC regimens until a consensus statement can be developed.
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              Bronchiolitis obliterans and other late onset non-infectious pulmonary complications in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

              Pulmonary complications develop in 30-60% of hematopoietic stem cell transplants (HSCT). The main, late onset, non-infectious complications include Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO), Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (BOOP), and idiopathic pneumonia syndrome (IPS). BO and BOOP occur almost exclusively in allogeneic HSCT, and have 61% and 21% mortality rates, respectively. BOOP responds favorably to corticosteroids. IPS has less than 15% 1-year survival.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Bone Marrow Transplantation
                Bone Marrow Transplant
                Springer Nature
                0268-3369
                1476-5365
                October 2013
                August 12 2013
                October 2013
                : 48
                : 10
                : 1317-1323
                Article
                10.1038/bmt.2013.116
                23933758
                1c4ec561-5d74-4cc5-b3e9-af8b72211cbb
                © 2013

                http://www.springer.com/tdm

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