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Abstract
The timing of trunk muscle activation has become an important element in the understanding
of human movement in normal and chronic low back pain populations. The detection of
anticipatory postural adjustment via trunk muscle onsets from electromyographic (EMG)
signals can be problematic due to baseline noise or electro-cardiac (ECG) artefact.
Shewhart protocols or whole signal analyses may show different degrees of sensitivity
under different conditions. Muscle activity onsets were determined from surface EMG
of seven muscles for five trials before and after fatigue were examined in four subjects
(n=280). The objective of this study was to examine two detection methods (Shewhart
and integrated protocol (IP)) in determining the onsets of trunk muscles. The variability
of the baseline amplitude and the impact of added Gaussian noise on the detected onsets
were used to test for robustness. The results of this study demonstrate that before
and after fatigue there is a large degree of baseline variance in the trunk muscles
(coefficients of variation between 40-65%) between trials. This could be normal response
to body sway. The IP method was less susceptible to false onsets (detecting onsets
in the baseline window) 3 vs. 51%. The findings suggest the IP method is robust with
large variance in the baseline if the signal to noise ratio is greater than six. In
spite of the robustness of the algorithm, the findings would suggest that statistical
assessments should be used to target trials for selective visual inspection for subtle
trunk muscle onsets.