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      Liver inflammation and fibrosis

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          Abstract

          Chronic liver inflammation leads to fibrosis and cirrhosis, which is the 12th leading cause of death in the United States. Hepatocyte steatosis is a component of metabolic syndrome and insulin resistance. Hepatic steatosis may be benign or progress to hepatocyte injury and the initiation of inflammation, which activates immune cells. While Kupffer cells are the resident macrophage in the liver, inflammatory cells such as infiltrating macrophages, T lymphocytes, neutrophils, and DCs all contribute to liver inflammation. The inflammatory cells activate hepatic stellate cells, which are the major source of myofibroblasts in the liver. Here we review the initiation of inflammation in the liver, the liver inflammatory cells, and their crosstalk with myofibroblasts.

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          Author and article information

          Contributors
          Journal
          J Clin Invest
          J. Clin. Invest
          J Clin Invest
          The Journal of Clinical Investigation
          American Society for Clinical Investigation
          0021-9738
          1558-8238
          3 January 2017
          3 January 2017
          3 January 2018
          : 127
          : 1
          : 55-64
          Affiliations
          School of Medicine, UCSD, La Jolla, California, USA.
          Author notes
          Address correspondence to: David A. Brenner, 9500 Gilman Drive, #0063, La Jolla, California 92093, USA. Phone: 858.822.5339; E-mail: dbrenner@ 123456ucsd.edu .
          Article
          PMC5199698 PMC5199698 5199698 88881
          10.1172/JCI88881
          5199698
          28045404
          1c8941a4-68ee-4f92-87c9-799531ff00da
          Copyright © 2017, American Society for Clinical Investigation
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