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      Attribution of Egoistic Versus Altruistic Motives to Acts of Helping : The Role of the Helper’s Status and the Act’s Intended Publicity

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      Author(s): 1 , , 1
      Publication date (Electronic):
      Journal: Social Psychology
      Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing
      Keywords: status, publicity, altruistic motives, egoistic motives, helping, volunteering

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          Abstract

          Abstract. This research investigated the effects of helpers’ status and the intended publicity of the helping act on observers’ attributions of altruistic versus egoistic motives to helpers. Results from two studies (overall N = 670), in which we varied helpers’ status (low vs. high) and intended publicity of the helping act (private vs. public) suggest that observers attribute more egoistic (and less altruistic) motives to the helping act when helpers intended to make their helping public (vs. keeping it private) and were of high (vs. low) status. Moreover, status and publicity had a negative indirect effect on observers’ willingness to assist helpers via increased attribution of predominantly egoistic motives. Implications of these findings for theory and real-world helping will be discussed.

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          Understanding and assessing the motivations of volunteers: a functional approach.

          E. Clary, Mark Snyder, Robert Ridge … (1998)
          The authors applied functionalist theory to the question of the motivations underlying volunteerism, hypothesized 6 functions potentially served by volunteerism, and designed an instrument to assess these functions (Volunteer Functions Inventory; VFI). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on diverse samples yielded factor solutions consistent with functionalist theorizing; each VFI motivation, loaded on a single factor, possessed substantial internal consistency and temporal stability and correlated only modestly with other VFI motivations (Studies 1, 2, and 3). Evidence for predictive validity is provided by a laboratory study in which VFI motivations predicted the persuasive appeal of messages better when message and motivation were matched than mismatched (Study 4), and by field studies in which the extent to which volunteers' experiences matched their motivations predicted satisfaction (Study 5) and future intentions (Study 6). Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
          Article 0 comments Cited 406 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            Prosocial behavior: multilevel perspectives.

            Louis A Penner, John F. Dovidio, Jane A. Piliavin … (2005)
            Current research on prosocial behavior covers a broad and diverse range of phenomena. We argue that this large research literature can be best organized and understood from a multilevel perspective. We identify three levels of analysis of prosocial behavior: (a) the "meso" level--the study of helper-recipient dyads in the context of a specific situation; (b) the micro level--the study of the origins of prosocial tendencies and the sources of variation in these tendencies; and (c) the macro level--the study of prosocial actions that occur within the context of groups and large organizations. We present research at each level and discuss similarities and differences across levels. Finally, we consider ways in which theory and research at these three levels of analysis might be combined in future intra- and interdisciplinary research on prosocial behavior.
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              Having less, giving more: the influence of social class on prosocial behavior.

              Paul Piff, Michael W Kraus, Stéphane Côté … (2010)
              Lower social class (or socioeconomic status) is associated with fewer resources, greater exposure to threat, and a reduced sense of personal control. Given these life circumstances, one might expect lower class individuals to engage in less prosocial behavior, prioritizing self-interest over the welfare of others. The authors hypothesized, by contrast, that lower class individuals orient to the welfare of others as a means to adapt to their more hostile environments and that this orientation gives rise to greater prosocial behavior. Across 4 studies, lower class individuals proved to be more generous (Study 1), charitable (Study 2), trusting (Study 3), and helpful (Study 4) compared with their upper class counterparts. Mediator and moderator data showed that lower class individuals acted in a more prosocial fashion because of a greater commitment to egalitarian values and feelings of compassion. Implications for social class, prosocial behavior, and economic inequality are discussed.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Birte Siem:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-7856
                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher): zsp
                Title: Social Psychology
                Publisher: Hogrefe Publishing
                ISSN (Print): 1864-9335
                ISSN (Electronic): 2151-2590
                Publication date (Electronic): December 10, 2018
                Publication date (Print): 2019
                Volume: 50
                Issue: 1
                Pages: 53-66
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ]Department of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen, Germany
                Author notes
                Birte Siem, Department of Psychology, FernUniversität in Hagen, Universitätsstraße 33, 58084 Hagen, Germany, birte.siem@ 123456fernuni-hagen.de
                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-7856
                Article
                ApaID ID: zsp_50_1_53
                DOI: 10.1027/1864-9335/a000360
                SO-VID: 1caf1987-8247-4f14-834b-f42292f18ebe
                Copyright statement: Copyright @ 2018
                History
                Date received : November 28, 2017
                Date revision received : July 24, 2018
                Date accepted : July 24, 2018
                Categories
                Subject: Original Article

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Assessment, Evaluation & Research methods,Psychology,General social science,General behavioral science
                Keywords: egoistic motives,altruistic motives,status,volunteering,helping,publicity
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Assessment, Evaluation & Research methods, Psychology, General social science, General behavioral science
                Keywords: egoistic motives, altruistic motives, status, volunteering, helping, publicity

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