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      Patrón de sueño, estado nutricional e ingesta dietética en agentes de seguridad de la Ciudad de Panamá: un estudio transversal Translated title: Sleep pattern, nutritional status and dietary intake in Panama City security agents: a cross sectional study

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          Abstract

          Resumen Introducción: La alteración del patrón de sueño, la alimentación y el estado nutricional en los agentes de seguridad con turnos rotativos era un tema no estudiado en la Ciudad de Panamá. El objetivo fue evaluar el patrón de sueño, estado nutricional y la ingesta dietética en agentes de seguridad de la Ciudad de Panamá. Material y Métodos: Estudio transversal en 130 agentes de seguridad y bomberos en la Ciudad de Panamá, realizado de marzo a diciembre de 2019. Se aplicó cuestionarios de evaluación sociodemográfica (sexo, edad, procedencia, antecedentes patológicos, entre otros), medidas de insomnio, escala de somnolencia de Epworth y cuestionario de Pittsburg de calidad de sueño. Para el estado nutricional se usó antropometría, peso, talla y circunferencia de la cintura; y la ingesta mediante recordatorio de 24 horas. Se consideró exceso de peso cuando el índice de masa corporal (IMC) fue ≥25kg/m2, obesidad de ≥30kg/m2, y obesidad abdominal cuando la cintura fue ≥88cm en mujeres y ≥102cm en hombres. Resultados: Se evaluaron 130 sujetos, edad media de 38,9 (9,4) años (96,6% masculino). Mediana (rango intercuartílico) para energía es 2.310 (1.764-3.056) kcal/día, para el % de adecuación de fibra es 50,8 (30,4-78,8) %, calcio 39,9 (22,7-62,7) %; vitamina C 39,4 (11,5-118,5) % y vitamina A 38,0 (16,5-66,2) %. La proporción de obesidad abdominal es 44,6%; exceso de peso 85,4%; y, obesidad 53,9%; el 19,2% reporta insomnio; 94,6% somnolencia; 43,1% presentan dificultad para dormir; y 56,9% duerme menos de 7 horas al día. Conclusiones: Alta proporción de exceso de peso y obesidad por IMC; y obesidad abdominal según perímetro de cintura. Además de alteraciones en la calidad del sueño. La dieta es excesiva en calorías, grasas y carbohidratos y deficiente en vitamina C, vitamina A, calcio y fibra.

          Translated abstract

          ABstracT Introduction: Altered sleep pattern, diet, and nutritional status in security officers with rotating work schedules was a topic not studied in Panama City. The study aims to evaluate the sleep pattern, nutritional status, and dietary intake of security agents in Panama City. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study with 130 security agents and firefighters in Panama City, conducted from March to December 2019. Sociodemographic evaluation questionnaires (sex, age, provenance, pathological history, among others), insomnia measures were applied using the Epworth Sleepiness Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Anthropometry, weight, height, and waist circumference were used for nutritional status; and dietary intake through a 24-hour recall. Overweight was considered when the body mass index (BMI) was ≥25kg/m2, obesity of ≥30kg/m2, and abdominal obesity when the waist was ≥88cm in women and ≥102cm in men. Results: 130 subjects were evaluated, mean age of 38.9 (9.4) years (96.6% male). Median (interquartile range) for energy is 2.310 (1.764-3.056) kcal/day, for % of fiber adequacy is 50.8 (30.4-78.8) %, calcium of 39.9 (22.7-62.7) %, vitamin C of 39.4 (11.5-118.5) %, and, vitamin A of 38.0 (16.5-66.2). The central obesity proportion is 44.6%; 85.4% with overweight, and 53.9% with obesity; 19.2% report insomnia; 94.6% drowsiness; 43.1% reported difficulty to sleep; and 56.9% reported sleep less than 7 hours a day. Conclusions: High proportion of overweight and obesity by BMI; and abdominal obesity according to waist circumference. In addition to alterations in the quality of sleep. The diet is excessive in calories, fat, and carbohydrates and deficient in vitamin C, vitamin A, calcium, and fiber.

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          A new method for measuring daytime sleepiness: the Epworth sleepiness scale.

          The development and use of a new scale, the Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), is described. This is a simple, self-administered questionnaire which is shown to provide a measurement of the subject's general level of daytime sleepiness. One hundred and eighty adults answered the ESS, including 30 normal men and women as controls and 150 patients with a range of sleep disorders. They rated the chances that they would doze off or fall asleep when in eight different situations commonly encountered in daily life. Total ESS scores significantly distinguished normal subjects from patients in various diagnostic groups including obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, narcolepsy and idiopathic hypersomnia. ESS scores were significantly correlated with sleep latency measured during the multiple sleep latency test and during overnight polysomnography. In patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome ESS scores were significantly correlated with the respiratory disturbance index and the minimum SaO2 recorded overnight. ESS scores of patients who simply snored did not differ from controls.
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            Short- and long-term health consequences of sleep disruption

            Sleep plays a vital role in brain function and systemic physiology across many body systems. Problems with sleep are widely prevalent and include deficits in quantity and quality of sleep; sleep problems that impact the continuity of sleep are collectively referred to as sleep disruptions. Numerous factors contribute to sleep disruption, ranging from lifestyle and environmental factors to sleep disorders and other medical conditions. Sleep disruptions have substantial adverse short- and long-term health consequences. A literature search was conducted to provide a nonsystematic review of these health consequences (this review was designed to be nonsystematic to better focus on the topics of interest due to the myriad parameters affected by sleep). Sleep disruption is associated with increased activity of the sympathetic nervous system and hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis, metabolic effects, changes in circadian rhythms, and proinflammatory responses. In otherwise healthy adults, short-term consequences of sleep disruption include increased stress responsivity, somatic pain, reduced quality of life, emotional distress and mood disorders, and cognitive, memory, and performance deficits. For adolescents, psychosocial health, school performance, and risk-taking behaviors are impacted by sleep disruption. Behavioral problems and cognitive functioning are associated with sleep disruption in children. Long-term consequences of sleep disruption in otherwise healthy individuals include hypertension, dyslipidemia, cardiovascular disease, weight-related issues, metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and colorectal cancer. All-cause mortality is also increased in men with sleep disturbances. For those with underlying medical conditions, sleep disruption may diminish the health-related quality of life of children and adolescents and may worsen the severity of common gastrointestinal disorders. As a result of the potential consequences of sleep disruption, health care professionals should be cognizant of how managing underlying medical conditions may help to optimize sleep continuity and consider prescribing interventions that minimize sleep disruption.
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              Smart food policies for obesity prevention

              Prevention of obesity requires policies that work. In this Series paper, we propose a new way to understand how food policies could be made to work more effectively for obesity prevention. Our approach draws on evidence from a range of disciplines (psychology, economics, and public health nutrition) to develop a theory of change to understand how food policies work. We focus on one of the key determinants of obesity: diet. The evidence we review suggests that the interaction between human food preferences and the environment in which those preferences are learned, expressed, and reassessed has a central role. We identify four mechanisms through which food policies can affect diet: providing an enabling environment for learning of healthy preferences, overcoming barriers to the expression of healthy preferences, encouraging people to reassess existing unhealthy preferences at the point-of-purchase, and stimulating a food-systems response. We explore how actions in three specific policy areas (school settings, economic instruments, and nutrition labelling) work through these mechanisms, and draw implications for more effective policy design. We find that effective food-policy actions are those that lead to positive changes to food, social, and information environments and the systems that underpin them. Effective food-policy actions are tailored to the preference, behavioural, socioeconomic, and demographic characteristics of the people they seek to support, are designed to work through the mechanisms through which they have greatest effect, and are implemented as part of a combination of mutually reinforcing actions. Moving forward, priorities should include comprehensive policy actions that create an enabling environment for infants and children to learn healthy food preferences and targeted actions that enable disadvantaged populations to overcome barriers to meeting healthy preferences. Policy assessments should be carefully designed on the basis of a theory of change, using indicators of progress along the various pathways towards the long-term goal of reducing obesity rates.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                renhyd
                Revista Española de Nutrición Humana y Dietética
                Rev Esp Nutr Hum Diet
                Academia Española de Nutrición y Dietética (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                2173-1292
                2174-5145
                March 2021
                : 25
                : 1
                : 48-57
                Affiliations
                [3] Ciudad de Panamá orgnameOrganización de las Naciones Unidas para la Alimentación y la Agricultura (FAO) orgdiv1Oficina Subregional de la FAO en Mesoamérica Panamá
                [2] Concepción Bío-Bío orgnameUniversidad San Sebastián orgdiv1Facultad de Ciencias para el Cuidado de la Salud Chile
                [1] Ciudad de Panamá orgnameUniversidad de Panamá orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Escuela de Nutrición y Dietética Panamá
                Article
                S2174-51452021000100048 S2174-5145(21)02500100048
                10.14306/renhyd.25.1.1062
                1cc552a6-e140-41c9-ad9d-b0e20617c161

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 11 May 2020
                : 29 July 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 33, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Investigaciones

                Eating patterns,Sueño,Estado Nutricional,Obesidad,Conducta Alimentaria,Patrones Alimentarios,Sleep,Nutritional Status,Obesity,Feeding Behavior

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