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      Impact of natural climate change and historical land use on landscape development in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

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          Abstract

          Climate variations and historical land use had a major impact on landscape development in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Mata Atlântica). In southeast Brazil, rainforest expanded under warm-humid climate conditions in the late Holocene, but have been dramatically reduced in historical times. Nevertheless, the numerous remaining forest fragments are of outstanding biological richness. In our research in the Atlantic Forest of Rio de Janeiro we aim at the reconstruction of the late Quaternary landscape evolution and an assessment of human impact on landscapes and rainforests. In this context, special focus is given on (a) effects of climate variations on vegetation cover, soil development, and geomorphological processes, and (b) spatial and temporal land use and landscape degradation patterns. In this paper we present some new results of our interdisciplinary research in the Serra dos Órgãos mountain range, state of Rio de Janeiro.

          Translated abstract

          Variações climáticas e o histórico do uso da terra tem grande impacto no desenvolvimento da paisagem da Mata Atlântica brasileira. Na região sudoeste do Brasil, a floresta tropical expandiu sob condições climáticas quentes e úmidas durante o Holoceno, mas foram drasticamente reduzidas com o tempo. Não obstante, os numerosos fragmentos remanescentes da floresta são de marcante riqueza biológica. No presente estudo sobre a Mata Atlântica do Rio de Janeiro, teve-se como objetivo a reconstrução da evolução da paisagem no último Quaternário e a avaliação do impacto humano nestas paisagens e florestas. Neste contexto, foco especial é dado aos (a) efeitos da variação climática na vegetação, no desenvolvimento do solo, e nos processos geomorfológicos, além do (b) uso da terra tanto no espaço quanto no tempo e seus padrões de degradação. No presente estudo, são apresentados alguns novos resultados de pesquisa interdisciplinar realizada na Serra dos Órgãos no Estado do Rio de Janeiro.

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          Most cited references69

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          Brazilian Paramos I. An introduction to the physical environment and vegetation of the campos de altitude

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            The nature of control by spoken words over visual stimulus selection.

            Eight retarded adolescents were trained to select one (a trained S+) of two visual stimuli in response to a spoken word (a trained word). Two different visual stimuli alternated randomly as the S-. To determine if the spoken work was merely a temporal discriminative stimulus for when to respond, or if it also specified which visual stimulus to select, the subjects were given intermittent presentations of untrained (novel) spoken words. All subjects consistently selected the trained S+ in response to the trained spoken word and selected the previous S- in response to the untrained spoken words. It was hypothesized that the subjects were responding away from the trained S+ in response to untrained spoken words, and control by untrained spoken words would not be observed when the trained S+ was not present. The two visual S- stimuli selected on trials of untrained spoken words were presented simultaneously. The untrained spoken words presented on these trials no longer controlled stimulus selections for seven subjects. The results supported the hypothesis that previous control by spoken words was due to responding away from the trained S+ in response to untrained spoken words.
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              BIOMANTLE EVOLUTION AND THE REDISTRIBUTION OF EARTH MATERIALS AND ARTIFACTS

                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                aabc
                Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências
                An. Acad. Bras. Ciênc.
                Academia Brasileira de Ciências (Rio de Janeiro )
                1678-2690
                June 2013
                : 85
                : 2
                : 497-518
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Fachhochschule Köln Germany
                [2 ] Universität Leipzig Germany
                [3 ] Embrapa Solos Brazil
                Article
                S0001-37652013000200497
                10.1590/S0001-37652013000200004
                1cf0e664-b666-47f4-aede-446e98780f02

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

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                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0001-3765&lng=en
                Categories
                MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCES

                Atlantic Forest,historical land use,landscape development,natural climate change,Rio de Janeiro,Mata Atlantica,historico do uso da terra,desenvolvimento da paisagem,mudancas climaticas naturais

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