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      Surface modification strategies to reinforce the soft tissue seal at transmucosal region of dental implants

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          Abstract

          Soft tissue seal around the transmucosal region of dental implants is crucial for shielding oral bacterial invasion and guaranteeing the long-term functioning of implants. Compared with the robust periodontal tissue barrier around a natural tooth, the peri-implant mucosa presents a lower bonding efficiency to the transmucosal region of dental implants, due to physiological structural differences. As such, the weaker soft tissue seal around the transmucosal region can be easily broken by oral pathogens, which may stimulate serious inflammatory responses and lead to the development of peri-implant mucositis. Without timely treatment, the curable peri-implant mucositis would evolve into irreversible peri-implantitis, finally causing the failure of implantation. Herein, this review has summarized current surface modification strategies for the transmucosal region of dental implants with improved soft tissue bonding capacities (e.g., improving surface wettability, fabricating micro/nano topographies, altering the surface chemical composition and constructing bioactive coatings). Furthermore, the surfaces with advanced soft tissue bonding abilities can be incorporated with antibacterial properties to prevent infections, and/or with immunomodulatory designs to facilitate the establishment of soft tissue seal. Finally, we proposed future research orientations for developing multifunctional surfaces, thus establishing a firm soft tissue seal at the transmucosal region and achieving the long-term predictability of dental implants.

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          Highlights

          • The inferior sealing capacity of peri-implant soft tissue increases the risk of implant failure.

          • Adhesion-promoting, antibacterial, and immunomodulatory design strategies were proposed to enhance peri-implant soft tissue seal.

          • The existing obstacles and potential future research orientations were discussed to construct advanced surfaces.

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Journal
                Bioact Mater
                Bioact Mater
                Bioactive Materials
                KeAi Publishing
                2452-199X
                10 September 2024
                December 2024
                10 September 2024
                : 42
                : 404-432
                Affiliations
                [a ]Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology & National Center for Stomatology & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices & Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NHC Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology & NMPA Key Laboratory for Dental Materials, Beijing, 100081, China
                [b ]School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
                [c ]State Key Laboratory in Quality Research of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau SAR, 999078, China
                [d ]Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China
                [e ]International Research Organization for Advanced Science and Technology (IROAST), Kumamoto University, 2-39-2 Kumamoto, 860-8555, Japan
                Author notes
                [* ]Corresponding author. liuyunsong@ 123456hsc.pku.edu.cn
                [** ]Corresponding author. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China. yfzheng@ 123456pku.edu.cn
                [*** ]Corresponding author. cmwang@ 123456umac.mo
                [**** ]Corresponding author. Department of Dental Materials, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China. dandanxia@ 123456pku.edu.cn
                [1]

                Equal contribution, Joint first authors.

                Article
                S2452-199X(24)00380-3
                10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.08.042
                11415887
                39308548
                1d00effd-92fa-49e8-bd5b-7ba87b637840
                © 2024 The Authors

                This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

                History
                : 20 July 2024
                : 29 August 2024
                : 29 August 2024
                Categories
                Review Article

                surface modifications,dental implant transmucosal region,soft tissue seal,antibacterial,immunomodulation

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