Risk factors of presenile nuclear cataract in health screening study

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Abstract

Background

To identify risk factors for the development of presenile nuclear cataract in health screening test.

Methods

The cross sectional study included a total of 532 eyes of 266 participants aged 30 to 49 years of Samsung Medical Center from February 2013 to April 2015. Presence of nuclear cataract was defined when the log MAR visual acuity with correction was greater than or equal to 0.2 and one or more of the following were met: Pentacam Nuclear Staging (PNS) grading score ≥ 1, average value of nuclear density ≥ 15%, maximum value of nuclear density ≥ 30%. Possible risk factors were obtained from blood tests and questionnaires of a health screening test of Samsung Medical Center. Association between nuclear cataract and risk factors was investigated using univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis by generalized estimating equation (GEE) models.

Results

Five factors were significantly associated with presenile nuclear cataract: current smoking [odds ratio (OR) = 2.80, 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.10–7.12, p = 0.0310], non-exercise and high amount of daily physical exercise (OR = 3.99, 95% CI, 1.27–12.52, p = 0.0178; OR = 2.92, 95% CI, 1.38–6.22, p = 0.0053), asthma (OR = 8.93, 95% CI, 1.12–71.15, p = 0.0386), tuberculosis (OR = 4.28, 95% CI, 1.36–13.50, p = 0.0131), and higher total iron binding capacity (OR = 1.01, 95% CI, 1.00–1.02, p = 0.0059).

Conclusions

Presenile nuclear cataract is related to current smoking, non-exercise or high amount of physical exercise, asthma, tuberculosis, and iron deficiency status. The association of non-exercise group and presenile nuclear cataract seems to be related to co-morbidity. Patients with asthma, tuberculosis, or iron deficiency anemia are recommended to receive frequent ophthalmic examination to detect cataract.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (10.1186/s12886-018-0928-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Most cited references 47

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The Lens Opacities Classification System III

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Comorbidity in severe asthma requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy: cross-sectional data from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database and the British Thoracic Difficult Asthma Registry.

Joan Sweeney, Chris C. Patterson, Andrew Menzies-Gow … (2016)

To determine the prevalence of systemic corticosteroid-induced morbidity in severe asthma.

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Risk factors associated with incident cataracts and cataract surgery in the Age-related Eye Disease Study (AREDS): AREDS report number 32.

Tiffany Chang, Elvira Agron, Craig F. Ferris … (2011)

To investigate potential risk factors associated with incident nuclear, cortical, and posterior subcapsular (PSC) cataracts and cataract surgery in participants in the Age-Related Eye Disease Study (AREDS). Clinic-based prospective cohort study. Persons (n = 4425) 55 to 80 years of age enrolled in a controlled clinical trial of antioxidant vitamins and minerals, AREDS, for age-related macular degeneration and cataract. Lens photographs were graded centrally for nuclear, cortical, and PSC opacities using the AREDS system for classifying cataracts. Type-specific incident cataracts were defined as an increase in cataract grade from none or mild at baseline to a grade of moderate at follow-up, also with a grade of at least moderate at the final visit, or cataract surgery. Cox regression analyses were used to assess baseline risk factors associated with type-specific opacities and cataract surgery. Moderate cataract was defined as a grade of 4.0 or more for nuclear opacity, 10% or more involvement within the full visible lens for cortical opacity, and 5% or more involvement of the central 5-mm circle of the lens for PSC opacity. These were graded on baseline and annual lens photographs. A clinic-based cohort of 4425 persons 55 to 80 years of age at baseline was followed up for an average of 9.8±2.4 years. The following associations were found: increasing age with increased risk of all types of cataract and cataract surgery; males with increased risk of PSC and decreased risk of cortical cataracts; nonwhite persons with increased risk of cortical cataract; hyperopia with decreased risk of PSC, nuclear cataract, and cataract surgery; Centrum (Wyeth Consumer Healthcare, Madison, NJ) use with decreased risk of nuclear cataract; diabetes with increased risk of cortical, PSC cataract, and cataract surgery; higher educational level with decreased risk of cortical cataract; and smoking with increased risk of cortical cataract and cataract surgery. Estrogen replacement therapy in female participants increased the risk of cataract surgery. These findings largely are consistent with the results of previous studies, providing further evidence for possible modifiable risk factors for age-related cataract. The author(s) have no proprietary or commercial interest in any materials discussed in this article. Copyright © 2011 American Academy of Ophthalmology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

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Author and article information

Contributors

DH Lim: 82-2-3410-3568 , ldhlse@gmail.com

T-Y Chung: 82-2-3410-3568 , tychung@skku.ac.kr

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): BMC Ophthalmol

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): BMC Ophthalmol

Title: BMC Ophthalmology

Publisher: BioMed Central (London )

ISSN (Electronic): 1471-2415

Publication date (Electronic): 11 October 2018

Publication date PMC-release: 11 October 2018

Publication date Collection: 2018

Volume: 18

Electronic Location Identifier: 263

Affiliations

[1 ]ISNI 0000 0001 2181 989X, GRID grid.264381.a, Department of Ophthalmology, Samsung Medical Center, , Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, ; Seoul, South Korea

[2 ]ISNI 0000 0004 0470 4224, GRID grid.411947.e, Department of Preventive Medicine, Graduate School, , The Catholic University of Korea, ; Seoul, South Korea

[3 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0640 5613, GRID grid.414964.a, Biostatistics and Clinical Epidemiology Center, Research Institute for Future Medicine, , Samsung Medical Center, ; Seoul, South Korea

[4 ]ISNI 0000 0001 0640 5613, GRID grid.414964.a, Department of Ophthalmology, , Samsung Medical Center, ; #81 Irwon-ro, Gangnam-gu, Seoul, 06351 South Korea

Article

Publisher ID: 928

DOI: 10.1186/s12886-018-0928-6

PMC ID: 6180395

PubMed ID: 30305075

SO-VID: 1d03f34e-2a08-4abc-8d9d-14f0dc4d4cfb

License:

Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver ( http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.

History

Date received : 23 April 2018

Date accepted : 26 September 2018

Custom metadata

ScienceOpen disciplines: Ophthalmology & Optometry

Keywords: presenile cataract,health screening test,scheimpflug image,smoking,exercise

Data availability:

ScienceOpen disciplines: Ophthalmology & Optometry

Keywords: presenile cataract, health screening test, scheimpflug image, smoking, exercise

Risk factors of presenile nuclear cataract in health screening study

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Conclusions

Electronic supplementary material

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Karger: Ophthalmology

Most cited references 47

The Lens Opacities Classification System III

Comorbidity in severe asthma requiring systemic corticosteroid therapy: cross-sectional data from the Optimum Patient Care Research Database and the British Thoracic Difficult Asthma Registry.

Risk factors associated with incident cataracts and cataract surgery in the Age-related Eye Disease Study (AREDS): AREDS report number 32.

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