High-fat meal effect on LDL, HDL, and VLDL particle size and number in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering drugs and diet network (GOLDN): an interventional study

There is no author summary for this article yet. Authors can add summaries to their articles on ScienceOpen to make them more accessible to a non-specialist audience.

Abstract

Background

Postprandial lipemia (PPL) is likely a risk factor for cardiovascular disease but these changes have not been well described and characterized in a large cohort. We assessed acute changes in the size and concentration of total and subclasses of LDL, HDL, and VLDL particles in response to a high-fat meal. Participants (n = 1048) from the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) Study who ingested a high-fat meal were included in this analysis. Lipids were measured at 0 hr (fasting), 3.5 hr, and 6 hr after a standardized fat meal. Particle size distributions were determined using nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Analyses were stratified by baseline triglycerides (normal vs. elevated) and gender. The effect of PPL on changes in lipoprotein subclasses was assessed using repeated measures ANOVA.

Results

Postprandially, LDL-C, HDL-C, VLDL-C, and triglycerides increased regardless of baseline triglyceride status, with the largest increases in VLDL-C and TG; however, those with elevated triglycerides demonstrated larger magnitude of response. Total LDL particle number decreased over the 6-hour time interval, mostly from a decrease in the number of small LDL particles. Similarly, total VLDL particle number decreased due to reductions in medium and small VLDL particles. Large VLDL particles and chylomicrons demonstrated the largest increase in concentration. HDL particles demonstrated minimal overall changes in total particle number.

Conclusions

We have characterized the changes in LDL and VLDL particle number, and their subclass patterns following a high-fat meal.

Related collections

Most cited references 25

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies.

J Hokanson, M. Austin (1996)

Despite nearly 40 years of research, the role of plasma triglyceride as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease remains elusive. The objectives of the present study were to quantify the magnitude of the association between triglyceride and cardiovascular disease in the general population, and to determine whether this relationship is independent of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, using the semi-quantitative techniques of metaanalysis. Seventeen studies were selected for the analysis based on published reports of population-based, prospective studies, including 46413 men and 10864 women. To insure comparability, only studies reporting the association between fasting triglyceride levels and incident cardiovascular endpoints were included. Using standard meta-analysis calculations, relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated and standardized with respect to a 1 mmol/l increase in triglyceride. Multivariable-adjusted RRs were determined for the six studies in men and two studies in women that reported adjustments for HDL cholesterol. For men and women, the univariate RRs for triglyceride were 1.32 (95% Cl 1.26-1.39) and 1.76 (95% Cl 1.50-2.07), respectively, indicating an approximately 30% increased risk in men and a 75% increase in women. Adjustment of HDL cholesterol and other risk factors attenuated these RRs to 1.14 (95% Cl 1.05-1.28) and 1.37 (95% Cl 1.13-1.66), respectively, which were still statistically significant values. Based on combined data from prospective studies, triglyceride is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease for both men and women in the general population, independent of HDL cholesterol. These finding demonstrate the necessity for clinical trials to evaluate whether lowering plasma triglyceride decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease.

0 comments Cited 330 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

Mechanism of action of fibrates on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.

Bart Staels, Jean Dallongeville, Johan Auwerx … (1998)

Treatment with fibrates, a widely used class of lipid-modifying agents, results in a substantial decrease in plasma triglycerides and is usually associated with a moderate decrease in LDL cholesterol and an increase in HDL cholesterol concentrations. Recent investigations indicate that the effects of fibrates are mediated, at least in part, through alterations in transcription of genes encoding for proteins that control lipoprotein metabolism. Fibrates activate specific transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, termed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs). The PPAR-alpha form mediates fibrate action on HDL cholesterol levels via transcriptional induction of synthesis of the major HDL apolipoproteins, apoA-I and apoA-II. Fibrates lower hepatic apoC-III production and increase lipoprotein lipase--mediated lipolysis via PPAR. Fibrates stimulate cellular fatty acid uptake, conversion to acyl-CoA derivatives, and catabolism by the beta-oxidation pathways, which, combined with a reduction in fatty acid and triglyceride synthesis, results in a decrease in VLDL production. In summary, both enhanced catabolism of triglyceride-rich particles and reduced secretion of VLDL underlie the hypotriglyceridemic effect of fibrates, whereas their effect on HDL metabolism is associated with changes in HDL apolipoprotein expression.

0 comments Cited 293 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

Record: found
Abstract: found
Article: not found

LDL Particle Number and Risk of Future Cardiovascular Disease in the Framingham Offspring Study - Implications for LDL Management.

William C Cromwell, James D. Otvos, Michelle Keyes … (2007)

The cholesterol content of LDL particles is variable, causing frequent discrepancies between concentrations of LDL cholesterol and LDL particle number. In managing patients at risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) to LDL target levels, it is unclear whether LDL cholesterol provides the optimum measure of residual risk and adequacy of LDL lowering treatment. To compare the ability of alternative measures of LDL to provide CVD risk discrimination at relatively low levels consistent with current therapeutic targets. Concentrations of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) and non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C) were measured chemically and LDL particle number (LDL-P) and VLDL particle number (VLDL-P) were measured by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) in 3066 middle-aged white participants (53% women) without CVD in the Framingham Offspring cohort. The main outcome measure was incidence of first CVD event. At baseline, the cholesterol content per LDL particle was negatively associated with triglycerides and positively associated with LDL-C. On follow-up (median 14.8 yrs), 265 men and 266 women experienced a CVD event. In multivariable models adjusting for non-lipid CVD risk factors, LDL-P was related more strongly to future CVD in both sexes than LDL-C or non-HDL-C. Subjects with a low level of LDL-P (<25(th) percentile) had a lower CVD event rate (59 events per 1000 person-years) than those with an equivalently low level of LDL-C or non-HDL-C (81 and 74 events per 1000 person-years, respectively). In a large community-based sample, LDL-P was a more sensitive indicator of low CVD risk than either LDL-C or non-HDL-C, suggesting a potential clinical role for LDL-P as a goal of LDL management.

0 comments Cited 109 times – based on 0 reviews      Review now

Bookmark

All references

Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Lipids Health Dis

Title: Lipids in Health and Disease

Publisher: BioMed Central

ISSN (Electronic): 1476-511X

Publication date Collection: 2011

Publication date (Electronic): 18 October 2011

Volume: 10

Page: 181

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA; Current Address: Division of Statistical Genomics, Department of Genetics, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA

[2 ]Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

[3 ]Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA

[4 ]Department of Cardiovascular Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA

[5 ]Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

[6 ]Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

[7 ]Department of Nutrition and Genetics, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA

Article

Publisher ID: 1476-511X-10-181

DOI: 10.1186/1476-511X-10-181

PMC ID: 3206850

PubMed ID: 22008512

SO-VID: 1d315a08-2a9c-47f7-8dd5-d5d4709bc764

License:

This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

High-fat meal effect on LDL, HDL, and VLDL particle size and number in the Genetics of Lipid-Lowering drugs and diet network (GOLDN): an interventional study

Read this article at

Abstract

Background

Results

Conclusions

Related collections

GLUT4 biology

Most cited references 25

Plasma triglyceride level is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease independent of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level: a meta-analysis of population-based prospective studies.

Mechanism of action of fibrates on lipid and lipoprotein metabolism.

LDL Particle Number and Risk of Future Cardiovascular Disease in the Framingham Offspring Study - Implications for LDL Management.

Author and article information

Journal

Affiliations

Article

History

Categories

Comments

Comment on this article

Similar content 140

Cited by 37

Most referenced authors 586