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      Calling International Rescue: knowledge lost in literature and data landslide!

      review-article
      * , , 1 ,   , § , * , , , * ,
      Biochemical Journal
      Portland Press Ltd.
      dynamic document content, interactive PDF, linking documents with research data, manuscript mark-up, mark-up standards, semantic publishing, BJ, Biochemical Journal, COHSE, Conceptual Open Hypermedia Services Environment, DOI, Digital Object Identifier, GO, Gene Ontology, GPCR, G protein-coupled receptor, HTML, HyperText Mark-up Language, IUPAC, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, NTD, Neglected Tropical Diseases, OBO, Open Biomedical Ontologies, PDB, Protein Data Bank, PDF, Portable Document Format, PLoS, Public Library of Science, PMC, PubMed Central, PTM, post-translational modification, RSC, Royal Society of Chemistry, SDA, Structured Digital Abstract, STM, Scientific, Technical and Medical, UD, Utopia Documents, XML, eXtensible Mark-up Language, XMP, eXtensible Metadata Platform

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          Abstract

          We live in interesting times. Portents of impending catastrophe pervade the literature, calling us to action in the face of unmanageable volumes of scientific data. But it isn't so much data generation per se, but the systematic burial of the knowledge embodied in those data that poses the problem: there is so much information available that we simply no longer know what we know, and finding what we want is hard – too hard. The knowledge we seek is often fragmentary and disconnected, spread thinly across thousands of databases and millions of articles in thousands of journals. The intellectual energy required to search this array of data-archives, and the time and money this wastes, has led several researchers to challenge the methods by which we traditionally commit newly acquired facts and knowledge to the scientific record. We present some of these initiatives here – a whirlwind tour of recent projects to transform scholarly publishing paradigms, culminating in Utopia and the Semantic Biochemical Journal experiment. With their promises to provide new ways of interacting with the literature, and new and more powerful tools to access and extract the knowledge sequestered within it, we ask what advances they make and what obstacles to progress still exist? We explore these questions, and, as you read on, we invite you to engage in an experiment with us, a real-time test of a new technology to rescue data from the dormant pages of published documents. We ask you, please, to read the instructions carefully. The time has come: you may turn over your papers…

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          Most cited references89

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          MINT: the Molecular INTeraction database

          The Molecular INTeraction database (MINT, ) aims at storing, in a structured format, information about molecular interactions (MIs) by extracting experimental details from work published in peer-reviewed journals. At present the MINT team focuses the curation work on physical interactions between proteins. Genetic or computationally inferred interactions are not included in the database. Over the past four years MINT has undergone extensive revision. The new version of MINT is based on a completely remodeled database structure, which offers more efficient data exploration and analysis, and is characterized by entries with a richer annotation. Over the past few years the number of curated physical interactions has soared to over 95 000. The whole dataset can be freely accessed online in both interactive and batch modes through web-based interfaces and an FTP server. MINT now includes, as an integrated addition, HomoMINT, a database of interactions between human proteins inferred from experiments with ortholog proteins in model organisms ().
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            The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) 2009

            The mission of UniProt is to provide the scientific community with a comprehensive, high-quality and freely accessible resource of protein sequence and functional information that is essential for modern biological research. UniProt is produced by the UniProt Consortium which consists of groups from the European Bioinformatics Institute, the Protein Information Resource and the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics. The core activities include manual curation of protein sequences assisted by computational analysis, sequence archiving, a user-friendly UniProt website and the provision of additional value-added information through cross-references to other databases. UniProt is comprised of four major components, each optimized for different uses: the UniProt Archive, the UniProt Knowledgebase, the UniProt Reference Clusters and the UniProt Metagenomic and Environmental Sequence Database. One of the key achievements of the UniProt consortium in 2008 is the completion of the first draft of the complete human proteome in UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot. This manually annotated representation of all currently known human protein-coding genes was made available in UniProt release 14.0 with 20 325 entries. UniProt is updated and distributed every three weeks and can be accessed online for searches or downloaded at www.uniprot.org.
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              Big data: The future of biocuration.

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Biochem J
                bic
                BJ
                Biochemical Journal
                Portland Press Ltd.
                0264-6021
                1470-8728
                10 December 2009
                15 December 2009
                : 424
                : Pt 3
                : 317-333
                Affiliations
                *School of Computer Science, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
                †Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
                ‡School of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, U.K.
                §Manchester Interdisciplinary Biocentre, 131 Princess Street, Manchester M1 7DN, U.K.
                Author notes

                T.K.A., S.R.P. and Portland Press Limited declare competing interests in that part of the work invested in Utopia Documents was funded by Portland Press Limited.

                1To whom correspondence should be addressed (email teresa.k.attwood@ 123456manchester.ac.uk ).
                Article
                bj4240317
                10.1042/BJ20091474
                2805925
                19929850
                1d5f9e13-2fee-416e-bcf0-034665a2c5d4
                © 2009 The Author(s) The author(s) has paid for this article to be freely available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial Licence (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                : 21 September 2009
                : 29 September 2009
                Page count
                Figures: 13, References: 82, Pages: 17
                Categories
                Review Article

                Biochemistry
                rsc, royal society of chemistry,pdb, protein data bank,ntd, neglected tropical diseases,cohse, conceptual open hypermedia services environment,doi, digital object identifier,sda, structured digital abstract,html, hypertext mark-up language,stm, scientific, technical and medical,pmc, pubmed central,ptm, post-translational modification,dynamic document content,ud, utopia documents,iupac, international union of pure and applied chemistry,bj, biochemical journal,manuscript mark-up,obo, open biomedical ontologies,plos, public library of science,linking documents with research data,gpcr, g protein-coupled receptor,xmp, extensible metadata platform,interactive pdf,go, gene ontology,mark-up standards,semantic publishing,pdf, portable document format,xml, extensible mark-up language

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