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      Early signs of lethal effects in Daphnia magna (Branchiopoda, Cladocera) exposed to the insecticide cypermethrin and the fungicide azoxystrobin.

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          Abstract

          This study presents the effects of sublethal concentrations of pesticides cypermethrin and azoxystrobin on the activity of several physiological parameters of egg-carrying Daphnia magna studied using a video-image technique. Single tethered daphnids were continuously recorded for 24 h of pesticide exposure, and the activity of the heart, the filtering limbs, the mandibles, and the focal spine were subsequently analyzed. Acute toxicity tests based on the criteria of immobilization were performed on egg-carrying D. magna, and sublethal concentrations of 0.1, 1.0, and 10 µg/L cypermethrin and 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/L azoxystrobin were established. At a concentration as low as 0.1 µg/L cypermethrin, the 5% effective concentration after 24 h of exposure (EC5,24h), the activity of the focal spine increased and the filtering limb activity decreased. The activity of the mandibles was reduced by exposure to 1.0 (EC18,24 h) and 10 µg/L (EC41,24 h) cypermethrin, whereas heart activity increased at a concentration of 10 µg/L (EC41,24 h). With regard to azoxystrobin, the activity of all response parameters except the focal spine decreased by exposure to 0.5 mg/L (EC4,24h) azoxystrobin. The focal spine was not affected by azoxystrobin. The results show that physiological mechanisms important for ingestion of food in D. magna may be impaired by low concentrations of commonly used pesticides.

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          Author and article information

          Journal
          Environ Toxicol Chem
          Environmental toxicology and chemistry
          Wiley
          1552-8618
          0730-7268
          Oct 2010
          : 29
          : 10
          Affiliations
          [1 ] Freshwater Biological Laboratory, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingørsgade 51, DK-3400 Hillerød, Denmark.
          Article
          10.1002/etc.290
          20872702
          1d6392c8-a7e3-4c41-afb8-ebc69bbb3aa0
          Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2371-2378. © 2010 SETAC.
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