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      Trace metal bioavailabilities in the Thames estuary: continuing decline in the 21st century

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          Abstract

          Levels of pollution, including contamination by toxic metals, in the Thames estuary reduced over the last four decades of the 20th century. This 2014 study investigates whether the declines in the bioavailabilities of trace metals (Ag, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, V, Zn) have continued in the 21st century, using a suite of littoral biomonitors also employed in 2001 – the brown seaweed Fucus vesiculosus, the strandline, talitrid amphipod Orchestia gammarellusand the estuarine barnacle Amphibalanus improvisus. Bioaccumulated concentrations represent relative measures of the total bioavailabilities of each metal to the biomonitor over a previous time period, and can be compared over space and over time. Trace metal bioavailabilities varied along the estuary, and, in general, fell between 2001 and 2014, a reflection of the continuing remediation of the Thames estuary from its severely polluted state in the middle of the 20th century.

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          Most cited references22

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          Trace metal bioaccumulation: models, metabolic availability and toxicity.

          S Rainbow (2007)
          Aquatic invertebrates take up and accumulate trace metals whether essential or non-essential, all of which have the potential to cause toxic effects. Subsequent tissue and body concentrations of accumulated trace metals show enormous variability across metals and invertebrate taxa. Accumulated metal concentrations are interpreted in terms of different trace metal accumulation patterns, dividing accumulated metals into two components - metabolically available metal and stored detoxified metal. Examples of different accumulation patterns are described from crustaceans but have a general applicability to all aquatic invertebrates. Toxicity does not depend on total accumulated metal concentration but is related to a threshold concentration of internal metabolically available metal. Toxicity ensues when the rate of metal uptake from all sources exceeds the combined rates of detoxification and excretion (if present) of the metal concerned. The biodynamic model of trace metal bioaccumulation allows the prediction and explanation of widely differing accumulated trace metal concentrations in organisms, combining geochemical analyses of environmental metal concentrations with the measurement of key physiological parameters for a species from the site under consideration. The combination of the biodynamic model as a unified explanation of metal bioaccumulation with an understanding of the relationship between accumulation and toxicity sets the stage for a realistic understanding of the significance of trace metal concentrations in aquatic invertebrates.
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            Metal toxicity, uptake and bioaccumulation in aquatic invertebrates—Modelling zinc in crustaceans

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              Comparative metal analyses in amphipod crustaceans

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                Author and article information

                Journal
                applab
                Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom
                J. Mar. Biol. Ass.
                Cambridge University Press (CUP)
                0025-3154
                1469-7769
                February 2016
                December 14 2015
                February 2016
                : 96
                : 01
                : 205-216
                Article
                10.1017/S0025315415001952
                1d65b807-548f-472e-a1b0-a7451410123b
                © 2016
                History

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