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      The facile surface chemical modification of a single glass nanopore and its use in the nonenzymatic detection of uric acid

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          Abstract

          A single glass nanopore was modified with gold through a facile chemical method and used for the non-enzymatic detection of uric acid.

          A conical glass nanopore was first modified with ultrathin gold nanofilm via a simple and innovative chemical reduction of HAuCl 4 on a surface-attached poly( l-histidine) monolayer in the presence of a mild reductant, NH 2OH·HCl, followed by surface functionalization with 2-thiouracil, and exploited for the selective nonenzymatic detection of uric acid and especially for serum sample detection.

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          Solid-state nanopores.

          Cees Dekker (2007)
          The passage of individual molecules through nanosized pores in membranes is central to many processes in biology. Previously, experiments have been restricted to naturally occurring nanopores, but advances in technology now allow artificial solid-state nanopores to be fabricated in insulating membranes. By monitoring ion currents and forces as molecules pass through a solid-state nanopore, it is possible to investigate a wide range of phenomena involving DNA, RNA and proteins. The solid-state nanopore proves to be a surprisingly versatile new single-molecule tool for biophysics and biotechnology.
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            Ion-beam sculpting at nanometre length scales.

            J. Li, D. Stein, C McMullan … (2001)
            Manipulating matter at the nanometre scale is important for many electronic, chemical and biological advances, but present solid-state fabrication methods do not reproducibly achieve dimensional control at the nanometre scale. Here we report a means of fashioning matter at these dimensions that uses low-energy ion beams and reveals surprising atomic transport phenomena that occur in a variety of materials and geometries. The method is implemented in a feedback-controlled sputtering system that provides fine control over ion beam exposure and sample temperature. We call the method "ion-beam sculpting", and apply it to the problem of fabricating a molecular-scale hole, or nanopore, in a thin insulating solid-state membrane. Such pores can serve to localize molecular-scale electrical junctions and switches and function as masks to create other small-scale structures. Nanopores also function as membrane channels in all living systems, where they serve as extremely sensitive electro-mechanical devices that regulate electric potential, ionic flow, and molecular transport across cellular membranes. We show that ion-beam sculpting can be used to fashion an analogous solid-state device: a robust electronic detector consisting of a single nanopore in a Si3N4 membrane, capable of registering single DNA molecules in aqueous solution.
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              Nanopore sensors for nucleic acid analysis.

              Bala Murali Venkatesan, Rashid Bashir (2011)
              Nanopore analysis is an emerging technique that involves using a voltage to drive molecules through a nanoscale pore in a membrane between two electrolytes, and monitoring how the ionic current through the nanopore changes as single molecules pass through it. This approach allows charged polymers (including single-stranded DNA, double-stranded DNA and RNA) to be analysed with subnanometre resolution and without the need for labels or amplification. Recent advances suggest that nanopore-based sensors could be competitive with other third-generation DNA sequencing technologies, and may be able to rapidly and reliably sequence the human genome for under $1,000. In this article we review the use of nanopore technology in DNA sequencing, genetics and medical diagnostics.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (publisher-id): CHCOFS
                Title: Chemical Communications
                Abbreviated Title: Chem. Commun.
                Publisher: Royal Society of Chemistry (RSC)
                ISSN (Print): 1359-7345
                ISSN (Electronic): 1364-548X
                Publication date Created: 2015
                Publication date (Print): 2015
                Volume: 51
                Issue: 10
                Pages: 1914-1917
                Article
                DOI: 10.1039/C4CC09185J
                SO-VID: 1d97891b-8b87-46f2-a617-abb46712f12f
                Copyright © © 2015
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