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      Condutância estomática como indicador de estresse hídrico em feijão Translated title: Stomatal conductance as an indicator of water stress in bean

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          Abstract

          O objetivo do trabalho foi verificar os indicadores de estresse hídrico, bem como seu efeito na cultura do feijão, por meio da condutância estomática. O experimento foi realizado na Área Experimental de Irrigação da Universidade Estadual Paulista - Jaboticabal, no ano agrícola de 2000. Foram estudados quatro tratamentos de irrigação com níveis crescentes de ETm: (T1) ETm acumulada = 22 mm; (T2) ETm acumulada = 33 mm; (T3) ETm acumulada = 44 mm; (T4) ausência de irrigação. Nas plantas com suprimento adequado de água, os maiores valores de condutância estomática ocorreram por volta do meio-dia solar, atingindo cerca de 159 e 174 mmol m-2 s-1, para T1 e T2, respectivamente, enquanto nos tratamentos T3 e T4, os maiores valores encontrados foram de 83 e 52 mmol m-2 s-1, respectivamente. A condutância estomática ao longo do ciclo apresentou valor máximo de 165 mmol m-2 s-1 para o tratamento T4, enquanto para T1 e T2 os valores máximos obtidos variaram de 179 a 183 mmol m-2 s-1. A temperatura da folha e a transpiração apresentaram estreita relação com a resistência estomática, enquanto a radiação fotossinteticamente ativa não diferiu entre os tratamentos.

          Translated abstract

          The objective of this work was to evaluate the water deficit and its effects on the beans crop by the stomatal conductance as water deficit indicator. This study was carried out at the Experimental Irrigation Station of the São Paulo State University - Jaboticabal, during the 2000 agricultural seasons year. Four irrigation treatments with growing levels of ETm were studied: (T1) accumulated ETm = 22 mm; (T2) accumulated ETm = 33 mm; (T3) accumulated ETm = 44 mm; (T4) irrigation absence. In plants with appropriate supply of water, the stomatal conductance along the cycle presented maximum value around the solar noon, reaching 159 and 174 mmol m-2 s-1 for the treatment T1 and T2, respectivelly, and values of 83 and 52 mmol m-2 s-1 for the T3 and T4, respectivelly. The stomatal conductance along the cycle presented maximum value of 165 mmol m-2 s-1 for the treatment T4, while T1 and T2 obtained maximum values varied from 179 to 183 mmol m-2 s-1. The leaf temperature and the transpiration showed relation with the stomatal conductance while the photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) did not differ among the treatments.

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          Most cited references27

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          A água em sistemas agrícolas

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            Stomatal Behavior and Water Status of Maize, Sorghum, and Tobacco under Field Conditions: II. At Low Soil Water Potential

            N C Turner (1974)
            Diurnal changes in the vertical profiles of irradiance incident upon the adaxial leaf surface (I), leaf resistance (r(1)), leaf water potential (psi), osmotic potential (pi), and turgor potential (P) were followed concurrently in crops of maize (Zea mays L. cv. Pa602A), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench cv. RS 610), and tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv. Havanna Seed 211) on several days in 1968 to 1970 when soil water potentials were low. The r(1), measured with a ventilated diffusion porometer, of the leaves in the upper canopy decreased temporarily after sunrise [ approximately 0530 hours Eastern Standard Time] as I increased, but then r(1) increased again between 0700 and 0830 hr Eastern Standard Time as the psi, measured with a pressure chamber, decreased rapidly from the values of -7, -4 and -6 bars at sunrise to minimal values of -18, -22 and -15 bars near midday in the maize, sorghum, and tobacco, respectively. The pi, measured with a vapor pressure osmometer, also decreased after sunrise, but not to the same degree as the decrease in psi, so that a P of zero was reached in some leaves between 0730 and 0800 hours. The lower (more negative) pi of leaves in the upper canopy than those in the lower canopy gave the upper leaves a higher P at a given psi than the lower leaves in all three species; leaves at intermediate heights had an intermediate P. This difference between leaves at the three heights in the canopy was maintained at all values of psi. The r(1) remained unchanged over a wide range of P and then increased markedly at a P of 2 bars in maize, -1 bar in sorghum, and near zero P in tobacco: r(1) also remained constant until psi decreased to -17, -20, and -13 bars in leaves at intermediate heights in maize, sorghum, and tobacco, respectively. In all three species r(1) of leaves in the upper canopy increased at more negative values of psi than those at the base of the canopy, and in tobacco, leaves in the upper canopy wilted at more negative values of psi than those in the lower canopy.
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              Plant response to water stress

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                eagri
                Engenharia Agrícola
                Eng. Agríc.
                Associação Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola (Jaboticabal )
                1809-4430
                April 2005
                : 25
                : 1
                : 86-95
                Affiliations
                [1 ] Universidade Estadual Paulista Brazil
                [2 ] Universidade Estadual Paulista Brazil
                [3 ] Universidade Estadual Paulista Brazil
                Article
                S0100-69162005000100010
                10.1590/S0100-69162005000100010
                1d9d195d-abc8-4695-8a77-fc1f499e3036

                http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

                History
                Product

                SciELO Brazil

                Self URI (journal page): http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_serial&pid=0100-6916&lng=en
                Categories
                AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

                Agricultural engineering
                Phaseolus vulgaris,physiological parameters,irrigation,parâmetros fisiológicos,irrigação

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