Increased Risk of Multiple Outpatient Surgeries in African-American Carriers of Transthyretin Val122Ile Mutation Is Modulated by Non-Coding Variants

Abstract

Background: African-Americans (AAs) have a 3.5% carrier prevalence of Transthyretin ( TTR) Val122Ile mutation (rs76992529), which is the genetic cause of a hereditary form of amyloidosis. Methods: We investigated the medical history of Val122Ile carriers and assessed the role of a non-coding variation in 4361 unrelated AAs. Results: We observed that the Ile122 allele was associated with a 6.8-fold increase in the odds of having 10 or more outpatient surgeries ( p = 7.81 × 10 ⁻⁵). Stratifying the analysis by sex, the Ile122 allele was associated with a 15.2-fold increase in the odds of having 10 or more outpatient surgeries in men ( p = 6.49 × 10 ⁻⁷). A similar sex difference was observed with respect to the association of Val122Ile with musculoskeletal and connective-tissue disorders in an independent cohort of British subjects ( n = 361,194, p = 2.47 × 10 ⁻¹³; n _male = 167,020, p _male = 4.02 × 10 ⁻²⁴). In Val122Ile African-American carriers, we observed that haplotypes in the upstream region regulating TTR hepatic expression are associated with having 10 or more outpatient surgeries ( p = 2.56 × 10 ⁻⁹). Conclusions: TTR Val122Ile showed a large effect with respect to an extreme phenotype identified in medical history that may be related to osteoarthritis, an early sign of the disease. Additionally, the non-coding variation appears to accelerate the negative consequences associated with Val122Ile mutation via TTR expression regulation.