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      The Leadership Mentoring in Nursing Research Program for Postdoctoral Nurses: A Development Paper

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          Abstract

          Purpose

          The Dutch Nursing Science Faculties developed the Leadership Mentoring in Nursing Research program, which aims to increase the cadre of nurse scientists, strengthen nursing research within universities, and improve the career development of postdoctoral nurses. The purpose of this article was to describe the development of the leadership and mentoring program to foster its replication and to present a formative program evaluation.

          Design

          The leadership mentoring program was developed using a three‐step procedure: a systematic review of the literature on successful leadership programs was conducted; theoretical underpinnings were identified and input; and feedback was solicited from national and international experts and changes made, resulting in the final program, which was executed from February 2016‐2018.

          Findings

          A 2‐year leadership and mentoring program for postdoctoral nurses working in research was developed and executed. Ten fellows completed the program and worked on their leadership development, developed their own research programs, and established research collaborations. Formative evaluations showed that the fellows highly valued the program sessions. We have learned several key lessons on how to structure, implement, and evaluate the leadership and mentoring program.

          Conclusions

          Through the leadership and mentoring program, the fellows are immersed in concerted leadership development focusing on the academic leadership role. Formative evaluations showed that the program was valued by the fellows and that several key lessons were learned.

          Clinical Relevance

          Through the leadership and mentoring program, 10 postdoctoral nurses strengthened their leadership in research and will further develop their role in healthcare research, clinical practice, and education.

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          Leadership styles and outcome patterns for the nursing workforce and work environment: a systematic review.

          Greta Cummings, Tara MacGregor, Mandy Davey … (2010)
          Numerous policy and research reports call for leadership to build quality work environments, implement new models of care, and bring health and wellbeing to an exhausted and stretched nursing workforce. Rarely do they indicate how leadership should be enacted, or examine whether some forms of leadership may lead to negative outcomes. We aimed to examine the relationships between various styles of leadership and outcomes for the nursing workforce and their work environments. The search strategy of this multidisciplinary systematic review included 10 electronic databases. Published, quantitative studies that examined leadership behaviours and outcomes for nurses and organizations were included. Quality assessments, data extractions and analysis were completed on all included studies. 34,664 titles and abstracts were screened resulting in 53 included studies. Using content analysis, 64 outcomes were grouped into five categories: staffsatisfaction with work, role and pay, staff relationships with work, staff health and wellbeing, work environment factors, and productivity and effectiveness. Distinctive patterns between relational and task focused leadership styles and their outcomes for nurses and their work environments emerged from our analysis. For example, 24 studies reported that leadership styles focused on people and relationships (transformational, resonant, supportive, and consideration) were associated with higher nurse job satisfaction, whereas 10 studies found that leadership styles focused on tasks (dissonant, instrumental and management by exception) were associated with lower nurse job satisfaction. Similar trends were found for each category of outcomes. Our results document evidence of various forms of leadership and their differential effects on the nursing workforce and work environments. Leadership focused on task completion alone is not sufficient to achieve optimum outcomes for the nursing workforce. Efforts by organizations and individuals to encourage and develop transformational and relational leadership are needed to enhance nurse satisfaction, recruitment, retention, and healthy work environments, particularly in this current and worsening nursing shortage. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
          Article 0 comments Cited 172 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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            The relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes: a systematic review update.

            Greta Cummings, Aimee Wong, L DuCharme (2013)
            Our aim was to describe the findings of a systematic review of studies that examine the relationship between nursing leadership practices and patient outcomes. As healthcare faces an economic downturn, stressful work environments, upcoming retirements of leaders and projected workforce shortages, implementing strategies to ensure effective leadership and optimal patient outcomes are paramount. However, a gap still exists in what is known about the association between nursing leadership and patient outcomes. Published English-only research articles that examined leadership practices of nurses in formal leadership positions and patient outcomes were selected from eight online bibliographic databases. Quality assessments, data extraction and analysis were completed on all included studies. A total of 20 studies satisfied our inclusion criteria and were retained. Current evidence suggests relationships between positive relational leadership styles and higher patient satisfaction and lower patient mortality, medication errors, restraint use and hospital-acquired infections. The findings document evidence of a positive relationship between relational leadership and a variety of patient outcomes, although future testing of leadership models that examine the mechanisms of influence on outcomes is warranted. Efforts by organisations and individuals to develop transformational and relational leadership reinforces organisational strategies to improve patient outcomes. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
            Article 0 comments Cited 118 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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              The relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes: a systematic review.

              Victoria Wong, Greta Cummings (2007)
              The purpose of this review was to describe findings of a systematic review of studies that examine the relationship between nursing leadership and patient outcomes. With recent attention directed to the creation of safer practice environments for patients, nursing leadership is called on to advance this agenda within organizations. However, surprisingly little is known about the actual association between nursing leadership and patient outcomes. Published English-only research articles that examined formal nursing leadership and patient outcomes were selected from computerized databases and manual searches. Data extraction and methodological quality assessment were completed for the final seven quantitative research articles. Evidence of significant associations between positive leadership behaviours, styles or practices and increased patient satisfaction and reduced adverse events were found. Findings relating leadership to patient mortality rates were inconclusive. The findings of this review suggest that an emphasis on developing transformational nursing leadership is an important organizational strategy to improve patient outcomes.
              Article 0 comments Cited 87 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Thóra B. Hafsteinsdóttir:
                ORCID: https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2466-0276
                t.hafsteinsdottir@umcutrecht.nl
                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): J Nurs Scholarsh
                Journal ID (iso-abbrev): J Nurs Scholarsh
                Journal ID (doi): 10.1111/(ISSN)1547-5069
                Journal ID (publisher-id): JNU
                Title: Journal of Nursing Scholarship
                Publisher: John Wiley and Sons Inc. (Hoboken )
                ISSN (Print): 1527-6546
                ISSN (Electronic): 1547-5069
                Publication date (Electronic): 26 May 2020
                Publication date (Print): July 2020
                Volume: 52
                Issue: 4 ( doiID: 10.1111/jnu.v52.4 )
                Pages: 435-445
                Affiliations
                [ 1 ] Rho Chi at Large Senior Researcher Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care Nursing Science Department University Medical Center Utrecht, and Utrecht University, The Netherlands Utrecht The Netherlands
                [ 2 ] Rho Chi at Large Professor in Nursing Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care Nursing Science Department University Medical Center Utrecht, and Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
                [ 3 ] Rho Chi at Large Professor of Nursing Department of Health Services Research CAPHRI Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences Maastricht University Maastricht The Netherlands
                [ 4 ] Rho Chi at Large Professor in Nursing Education Center University Medical Center Utrecht Academy University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
                Author notes
                [*] [* ] Correspondence

                Dr. Thóra B. Hafsteinsdóttir, Department of Nursing Science Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Nursing Science Department, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Heidelberglaan 100, 3584 CX Utrecht, The Netherlands. E‐mail: t.hafsteinsdottir@ 123456umcutrecht.nl

                Author information
                https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2466-0276
                https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7129-3766
                https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2141
                Article
                Publisher ID: JNU12565
                DOI: 10.1111/jnu.12565
                PMC ID: 7383918
                PubMed ID: 32452651
                SO-VID: 1de5342e-781a-48f7-bdde-2b9fd8a0d580
                Copyright © © 2020 The Authors. Journal of Nursing Scholarship published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Sigma Theta Tau International
                License:

                This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non‐commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.

                History
                Date accepted : 08 April 2020
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 1, Pages: 11, Words: 7322
                Funding
                Funded by: The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw)
                Award ID: ZonMw: 08‐80705‐98‐041
                Categories
                Subject: Original Manuscript
                Subject: Profession and Society
                Custom metadata
                source-schema-version-number 2.0
                cover-date July 2020
                details-of-publishers-convertor Converter:WILEY_ML3GV2_TO_JATSPMC version:5.8.5 mode:remove_FC converted:27.07.2020

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nursing
                Keywords: leadership,leadership development,mentoring,nursing research,postdoctoral nurses,professional development,research development
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Nursing
                Keywords: leadership, leadership development, mentoring, nursing research, postdoctoral nurses, professional development, research development

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