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      Airborne cow allergen, ammonia and particulate matter at homes vary with distance to industrial scale dairy operations: an exposure assessment

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          Abstract

          Background

          Community exposures to environmental contaminants from industrial scale dairy operations are poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of dairy operations on nearby communities by assessing airborne contaminants (particulate matter, ammonia, and cow allergen, Bos d 2) associated with dairy operations inside and outside homes.

          Methods

          The study was conducted in 40 homes in the Yakima Valley, Washington State where over 61 dairies operate.

          Results

          A concentration gradient was observed showing that airborne contaminants are significantly greater at homes within one-quarter mile (0.4 km) of dairy facilities, outdoor Bos d 2, ammonia, and TD were 60, eight, and two times higher as compared to homes greater than three miles (4.8 km) away. In addition median indoor airborne Bos d 2 and ammonia concentrations were approximately 10 and two times higher in homes within one-quarter mile (0.4 km) compared to homes greater than three miles (4.8 km) away.

          Conclusions

          These findings demonstrate that dairy operations increase community exposures to agents with known human health effects. This study also provides evidence that airborne biological contaminants (i.e. cow allergen) associated with airborne particulate matter are statistically elevated at distances up to three miles (4.8 km) from dairy operations.

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          Most cited references37

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          Coarse particulate matter air pollution and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases among Medicare patients.

          Aidan McDermott, Scott Zeger, Francesca Dominici … (2008)
          Health risks of fine particulate matter of 2.5 microm or less in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5) have been studied extensively over the last decade. Evidence concerning the health risks of the coarse fraction of greater than 2.5 microm and 10 microm or less in aerodynamic diameter (PM10-2.5) is limited. To estimate risk of hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases associated with PM10-2.5 exposure, controlling for PM2.5. Using a database assembled for 108 US counties with daily cardiovascular and respiratory disease admission rates, temperature and dew-point temperature, and PM10-2.5 and PM2.5 concentrations were calculated with monitoring data as an exposure surrogate from January 1, 1999, through December 31, 2005. Admission rates were constructed from the Medicare National Claims History Files, for a study population of approximately 12 million Medicare enrollees living on average 9 miles (14.4 km) from collocated pairs of PM10 and PM2.5 monitors. Daily counts of county-wide emergency hospital admissions for primary diagnoses of cardiovascular or respiratory disease. There were 3.7 million cardiovascular disease and 1.4 million respiratory disease admissions. A 10-microg/m3 increase in PM10-2.5 was associated with a 0.36% (95% posterior interval [PI], 0.05% to 0.68%) increase in cardiovascular disease admissions on the same day. However, when adjusted for PM2.5, the association was no longer statistically significant (0.25%; 95% PI, -0.11% to 0.60%). A 10-microg/m3 increase in PM10-2.5 was associated with a nonstatistically significant unadjusted 0.33% (95% PI, -0.21% to 0.86%) increase in respiratory disease admissions and with a 0.26% (95% PI, -0.32% to 0.84%) increase in respiratory disease admissions when adjusted for PM2.5. The unadjusted associations of PM2.5 with cardiovascular and respiratory disease admissions were 0.71% (95% PI, 0.45%-0.96%) for same-day exposure and 0.44% (95% PI, 0.06% to 0.82%) for exposure 2 days before hospital admission. After adjustment for PM2.5, there were no statistically significant associations between coarse particulates and hospital admissions for cardiovascular and respiratory diseases.
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            Long-term measurements of the transport of African mineral dust to the southeastern United States: Implications for regional air quality

            Joseph Prospero (1999)
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              Respiratory health hazards in agriculture.

              G. Doekes, J Dosman, H Ward … (1998)
              Article 0 comments Cited 72 times – based on 0 reviews     Review now
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Journal ID (nlm-ta): Environ Health
                Title: Environmental Health
                Publisher: BioMed Central
                ISSN (Electronic): 1476-069X
                Publication date Collection: 2011
                Publication date (Electronic): 12 August 2011
                Volume: 10
                Page: 72
                Affiliations
                [1 ]Environmental Health Sciences, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, 615 N. Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
                [2 ]Pumonary and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 E. Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA
                Article
                Publisher ID: 1476-069X-10-72
                DOI: 10.1186/1476-069X-10-72
                PMC ID: 3184623
                PubMed ID: 21838896
                SO-VID: 1df1f7b4-c3f7-4134-8352-ce9e9a09ba52
                Copyright © Copyright ©2011 Williams et al; licensee BioMed Central Ltd.
                License:

                This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

                History
                Date received : 4 March 2011
                Date accepted : 12 August 2011
                Categories
                Subject: Research

                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health
                Data availability:
                ScienceOpen disciplines: Public health

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