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      Cefalea tensional. Revisión narrativa del tratamiento fisioterápico Translated title: Tension-type headache. Narrative review of physiotherapy treatment

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN Introducción El dolor de cabeza es un fenómeno muy común con un gran impacto económico y psicosocial. La cefalea tensional (CT) es la de mayor prevalencia (40%), especialmente entre mujeres occidentales de edad adulta. El objetivo fue evaluar la evidencia existente sobre la efectividad de las técnicas de fisioterapia en el tratamiento de la CT. Metodología Revisión bibliográfica de ensayos clínicos aleatorizados (ECA) y revisiones sistemáticas, publicados en los últimos cinco años, sobre los métodos de fisioterapia más utilizados para tratar la CT: ejercicio terapéutico, inhibición suboccipital, manipulación cervical, masaje, movilización articular y punción. Resultados Veintiséis artículos (siete revisiones) cumplieron los criterios de inclusión. Las revisiones encontraron evidencia de la eficacia del ejercicio terapéutico sobre la intensidad, frecuencia y duración del dolor, mejora también lograda por la terapia manual de forma similar a fármacos (aunque con resultados contradictorios a largo plazo), de la combinación de punción seca y fisioterapia sobre el dolor y de la combinación de técnicas articulatorias con estiramiento y masaje muscular, pero no por separado. Los ECA evidenciaron, entre otros resultados, que el masaje logró menor dolor y frecuencia, y mejor calidad de vida, sensación clínica percibida y rango de movimiento; el dolor mejoró con inhibición suboccipital y ejercicios aeróbicos, y el rango de movimiento con manipulación cervical, masaje de tejidos blandos y movilización. Conclusión La evidencia científica publicada avala la fisioterapia como tratamiento eficaz en el manejo de pacientes con CT, aunque se requieren más estudios y de mejor calidad metodológica.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Introduction Headache is a very common phenomenon with a high economic and psychosocial impact. Tension-type headache (TTH) is the most prevalent (40%), especially amongst adult western women. The aim was to evaluate the existing evidence on the effectiveness of physiotherapy techniques in treating TTH. Methods Literature review of randomised clinical trials (RCT) and systematic reviews, published over the last five years, on the physiotherapy techniques most used in treating TTH: therapeutic exercise, suboccipital inhibition, cervical manipulation, massage, joint mobilisation and puncture. Results Twenty-six articles (seven reviews) met the criteria for inclusion. The reviews found evidence of the effectiveness of therapeutic exercise on the intensity, frequency and duration of pain. Improvement was also achieved by manual therapy in a similar way to medicines (although with contradictory long-term results), by the combination of dry puncture and physiotherapy on the VAS score, and by the combination of mobilisation techniques with stretching and muscular massage, but not separately. Amongst other results, the RCT showed that massage achieved less pain and frequency, as well as better quality of life, perceived clinical sensation and range of movement; pain improved with suboccipital inhibition and aerobic exercises; and the range of movement with cervical manipulation, massage of soft tissues and mobilisation. Conclusion The published clinical evidence endorses physiotherapy as an effective treatment in managing patients with TTH, although additional studies with a better quality methodology are required.

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          Most cited references39

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          The impact of headache in Europe: principal results of the Eurolight project

          Background European data, at least from Western Europe, are relatively good on migraine prevalence but less sound for tension-type headache (TTH) and medication-overuse headache (MOH). Evidence on impact of headache disorders is very limited. Eurolight was a data-gathering exercise primarily to inform health policy in the European Union (EU). This manuscript reports personal impact. Methods The study was cross-sectional with modified cluster sampling. Surveys were conducted by structured questionnaire, including diagnostic questions based on ICHD-II and various measures of impact, and are reported from Austria, France, Germany, Italy, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Spain and United Kingdom. Different methods of sampling were used in each. The full methodology is described elsewhere. Results Questionnaires were analysed from 8,271 participants (58% female, mean age 43.4 y). Participation-rates, where calculable, varied from 10.6% to 58.8%. Moderate interest-bias was detected. Unadjusted lifetime prevalence of any headache was 91.3%. Gender-adjusted 1-year prevalences were: any headache 78.6%; migraine 35.3%; TTH 38.2%, headache on ≥15 d/mo 7.2%; probable MOH 3.1%. Personal impact was high, and included ictal symptom burden, interictal burden, cumulative burden and impact on others (partners and children). There was a general gradient of probable MOH > migraine > TTH, and most measures indicated higher impact among females. Lost useful time was substantial: 17.7% of males and 28.0% of females with migraine lost >10% of days; 44.7% of males and 53.7% of females with probable MOH lost >20%. Conclusions The common headache disorders have very high personal impact in the EU, with important implications for health policy.
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            Prevalence of neck pain in migraine and tension-type headache: a population study.

            We assessed the prevalence of neck pain in the population in relation to headache. In a cross-sectional study, a total of 797 individuals completed a headache interview and provided self-reported data on neck pain. We identified migraine, TTH or both migraine and TTH (M+TTH) groups. Pericranial tenderness was recorded in 496 individuals. A total tenderness score (TTS) was calculated as the sum of local scores with a maximum score of 48. The one-year prevalence of neck pain was 68.4% and higher in those with vs. without primary headache (85.7% vs. 56.7%; adjusted OR 3.0, 95% CI 2.0-4.4, p<0.001). Adjusting for age, gender, education and poor self-rated health, in comparison with those without headaches, the prevalence of neck pain (56.7%) was significantly higher in those with M+TTH (89.3%), pure TTH (88.4%) and pure migraine (76.2%) (p<0.05 for all three group comparisons). Individuals with neck pain had higher TTS than individuals without neck pain (15.1±10.5 vs. 8.4±8.0, p<0.001). Neck pain is highly prevalent in the general population and even more prevalent in individuals with primary headaches. Prevalence is highest in coexistent M+TTH, followed by pure TTH and migraine. Myofascial tenderness is significantly increased in individuals with neck pain. © International Headache Society 2014 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.
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              Myofascial trigger point-focused head and neck massage for recurrent tension-type headache: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial.

              Myofascial trigger points (MTrPs) are focal disruptions in the skeletal muscle that can refer pain to the head and reproduce the pain patterns of tension-type HA (TTH). The present study applied massage focused on MTrPs of patients with TTH in a placebo-controlled, clinical trial to assess efficacy on reducing headache (HA) pain.
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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                asisna
                Anales del Sistema Sanitario de Navarra
                Anales Sis San Navarra
                Gobierno de Navarra. Departamento de Salud (Pamplona, Navarra, Spain )
                1137-6627
                December 2018
                : 41
                : 3
                : 371-380
                Affiliations
                [1] Madrid orgnameUniversidad Europea de Madrid orgdiv1Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Science orgdiv2Departament of Physiotherapy Spain
                [2] orgnameDavida Rehabilitation Center Spain
                Article
                S1137-66272018000300371
                10.23938/assn.0379
                30425380
                1df8f94f-ef51-4334-9be7-951d605490c6

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                : 30 October 2018
                : 15 May 2018
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 41, Pages: 10
                Product

                SciELO Spain

                Categories
                Revisiones

                Physiotherapy,Manual therapy,Therapeutic exercise,Cefalea tensional,Fisioterapia,Terapia manual,Ejercicio terapéutico,Tension-type headache

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