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      Documento de la Sociedad Española de Nefrología sobre las guías KDIGO para la evaluación y el tratamiento de la enfermedad renal crónica Translated title: Spanish Society of Nephrology document on KDIGO guidelines for the assessment and treatment of chronic kidney disease

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      , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ,
      Nefrología (Madrid)
      Sociedad Española de Nefrología
      Albuminuria, Enfermedad renal crónica, Clasificación, Filtrado glomerular, Guía de práctica clínica, Hipertensión arterial, KDIGO, Proteinuria, Recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia, Revisión sistemática, Albuminuria, Chronic kidney disease, Classification, Glomerular filtration rate, Clinical practice guidelines, High blood pressure, KDIGO, Proteinuria, Evidence-based recommendations, Systematic review, Blood pressure

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          Abstract

          Las nuevas guías internacionales del consorcio KDIGO (Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes) sobre la enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) y sobre el manejo de la presión arterial (PA) en pacientes con ERC constituyen la actualización de las correspondientes guías KDOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) de 2002 y 2004. El objetivo de estos documentos es ofrecer una guía actualizada para el diagnóstico, la evaluación, el manejo y el tratamiento del paciente con ERC. La primera guía conserva la definición de ERC de 2002, pero ofrece una clasificación pronóstica mejorada. Además, se revalúan los conceptos sobre el pronóstico de la ERC, y se establecen recomendaciones para el manejo de los pacientes y sobre los criterios de derivación al especialista en nefrología. La segunda guía conserva el objetivo de una PA < 130/80 mmHg para pacientes con ERC que curse con una albuminuria elevada (cociente albúmina/creatinina en muestra aislada de orina entre 30 y 300 mg/g) o proteinuria (cociente albúmina/creatinina en muestra aislada de orina > 300 mg/g), pero recomienda el objetivo menos estricto de PA < 140/90 mmHg para pacientes con albuminuria normal. El desarrollo de las guías siguió un proceso predeterminado de revisión y evaluación de las evidencias disponibles. Las recomendaciones sobre el manejo y el tratamiento están basadas en la revisión sistemática de los estudios relevantes. El sistema GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) se utilizó para evaluar la calidad de la evidencia y emitir el grado de recomendación. También se discuten las áreas de incertidumbre de los distintos aspectos tratados.

          Translated abstract

          The new Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) international guidelines on chronic kidney disease (CKD) and the management of blood pressure (BP) in CKD patients are an update of the corresponding 2002 and 2004 KDOQI (Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative) guidelines. The documents aim to provide updated guidelines on the assessment, management and treatment of patients with CKD. The first guidelines retain the 2002 definition of CKD but present an improved prognosis classification. Furthermore, concepts about prognosis of CKD, recommendations for management of patients, and criteria for referral to the nephrologist have been updated. The second guideline retains the <130/80mmHg-goal for management of BP in patients with CKD presenting increased albuminuria or proteinuria (albumin-to-creatinine ratio 30-300 mg/g, and >300 mg/g, respectively) but recommends a less-strict goal of <140/90mmHg in patients with normoalbuminuria. The development of the guidelines followed a predetermined process in which the evidence available was reviewed and assessed. Recommendations on management and treatment are based on the systematic review of relevant studies. The GRADE system (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) was used to assess the quality of evidence and issue the grade of recommendation. Areas of uncertainty are also discussed for the different aspects addressed.

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          Most cited references64

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          KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease

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            Lower estimated GFR and higher albuminuria are associated with adverse kidney outcomes. A collaborative meta-analysis of general and high-risk population cohorts.

            Both a low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albuminuria are known risk factors for end-stage renal disease (ESRD). To determine their joint contribution to ESRD and other kidney outcomes, we performed a meta-analysis of nine general population cohorts with 845,125 participants and an additional eight cohorts with 173,892 patients, the latter selected because of their high risk for chronic kidney disease (CKD). In the general population, the risk for ESRD was unrelated to eGFR at values between 75 and 105 ml/min per 1.73 m(2) but increased exponentially at lower levels. Hazard ratios for eGFRs averaging 60, 45, and 15 were 4, 29, and 454, respectively, compared with an eGFR of 95, after adjustment for albuminuria and cardiovascular risk factors. Log albuminuria was linearly associated with log ESRD risk without thresholds. Adjusted hazard ratios at albumin-to-creatinine ratios of 30, 300, and 1000 mg/g were 5, 13, and 28, respectively, compared with an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of 5. Albuminuria and eGFR were associated with ESRD, without evidence for multiplicative interaction. Similar associations were found for acute kidney injury and progressive CKD. In high-risk cohorts, the findings were generally comparable. Thus, lower eGFR and higher albuminuria are risk factors for ESRD, acute kidney injury and progressive CKD in both general and high-risk populations, independent of each other and of cardiovascular risk factors.
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              K/DOQI clinical practice guidelines on hypertension and antihypertensive agents in chronic kidney disease.

              (2004)
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                Author and article information

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                Journal
                nefrologia
                Nefrología (Madrid)
                Nefrología (Madr.)
                Sociedad Española de Nefrología (Cantabria, Santander, Spain )
                0211-6995
                1989-2284
                2014
                : 34
                : 3
                : 302-316
                Affiliations
                [05] Manresa orgnameFundació Althaia
                [15] L'Hospitalet de Llobregat orgnameHospital Universitari de Bellvitge
                [12] Valencia orgnameHospital Universitario Dr.Peset
                [10] Málaga orgnameHospital Universitario Carlos Haya
                [13] Oviedo orgnameCentro Médico de Asturias
                [18] orgnameRed de Investigación Renal (REDinREN)
                [02] Córdoba orgnameHospital Universitario Reina Sofía
                [06] Madrid orgnameHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón
                [03] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Infanta Leonor
                [01] Oviedo orgnameHospital Universitario Central de Asturias
                [04] Santander orgnameHospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla
                [14] Bilbao orgnameHospital de Galdakao
                [16] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Ramón y Cajal
                [07] Barcelona orgnameHospital Universitari del Mar
                [11] Almería orgnameHospital Universitario Torrecárdenas
                [17] Las Palmas de Gran Canaria orgnameHospital Universitario Dr.Negrín
                [09] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario 12 de Octubre
                [08] Madrid orgnameHospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro
                Article
                S0211-69952014000300005
                10.3265/Nefrologia.pre2014.Feb.12464
                24798565
                1e08fc82-e01a-46c9-b378-1294a7e1e88a

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 International License.

                History
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 45, Pages: 15
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                SciELO Spain


                Albuminuria,Enfermedad renal crónica,Clasificación,Filtrado glomerular,Guía de práctica clínica,Hipertensión arterial,KDIGO,Proteinuria,Recomendaciones basadas en la evidencia,Revisión sistemática,Chronic kidney disease,Classification,Glomerular filtration rate,Clinical practice guidelines,High blood pressure,Evidence-based recommendations,Systematic review,Blood pressure

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