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      Análisis de grupos focales en pacientes colombianos con lupus eritematoso sistémico: una mirada cualitativa a las representaciones de la enfermedad Translated title: Analysis of focus groups of Colombian patients with systemic lupus erythematosus: A qualitative look at representations of the disease

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          Abstract

          RESUMEN El lupus eritematoso sistémico (LES) es una enfermedad crónica que expone a los pacientes a situaciones estresantes físicas, psíquicas, familiares, laborales y sociales. Se conoce que la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de estos pacientes es inferior a la de la población general y que el estrés está relacionado con el empeoramiento del LES. El estudio de los factores que determinan la percepción del paciente con LES permitiría conocer los mecanismos que inciden negativamente en la calidad de vida y promover intervenciones que conlleven su mejoría. Objetivo: Conocer la percepción que los pacientes con LES tienen acerca de su enfermedad. Metodología: Cincuenta pacientes (11 hombres) con LES y sin otras enfermedades autoinmunes participaron en 5 grupos focales, realizados por un médico psiquiatra mediante la aplicación de entrevista semiestructurada. Utilizando la teoría fundamentada, las transcripciones fueron categorizadas en 3 fases: codificación abierta, axial y selectiva. Resultados: Se organizaron en 7 categorías: noticia del diagnóstico; causas de la enfermedad; consecuencias funcionales, sociales y laborales; dificultades para establecer el diagnóstico; los tratamientos no farmacológicos o alternativos; baja adherencia y rechazo al tratamiento farmacológico; fallas identificadas por los pacientes en la atención en salud y conciencia de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: El conocer la percepción que tiene el paciente con LES de su enfermedad les permite al médico, al paciente y a su familia adoptar medidas encaminadas a diseñar intervenciones puntuales y eficaces para el manejo integral, adherencia al tratamiento, disminución de morbilidad asociada y de costos derivados de la atención médica.

          Translated abstract

          ABSTRACT Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) exposes patients to physical, psychological, family, work and social stress factors. The health-related quality of life of these patients is less than that of the general population, and stress is associated with worsening symptoms of SLE. Studying the factors that determine the perceptions of an SLE patient toward their disease would allow understanding the mechanisms by which quality of life is adversely affected, and promote interventions that ensure the well-being of these patients. Objective: To gain knowledge of the perceptions that SLE patients have regarding their disease. Methodology: A total of 50 patients (11 of them men) participated in 5 focus groups that were guided by a psychiatrist applying a semi-structured interview. The interview transcripts were categorised into the following 3 phases using grounded theory: open, axial and selective coding. Results: The results were organised into 7 categories: news of the diagnosis; causes of the disease; functional, social and work consequences; difficulties in establishing a diagnosis; non-pharmacological, alternative treatments, low or non-adherence and rejection of drug treatment; weaknesses in health care identified by the patient; and disease awareness. Conclusions: Knowing the perception that SLE patients have of their disease allows the physician, the patient, and the patient's family to take steps toward designing timely and effective interventions for integrated disease management, treatment adherence, and reducing the associated morbidity and costs of medical care.

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          How does quality of life of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus compare with that of other common chronic illnesses?

          Comparison of health related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with other common chronic illnesses. Responses from self-administered Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) questionnaires from 90 patients with SLE, recorded in the lupus database at the University of Chicago Hospital, were analyzed. Comparative norms and domain scores for patients with other chronic diseases [hypertension, congestive heart failure (CHF), adult onset diabetes mellitus, myocardial infarction, and depression] were used and are based on the general US population. T tests were used to make comparisons. Patients with SLE were younger than patients with most reference chronic conditions except for depression. Their Physical Component Scores and Mental Component Scores were 30 +/- 10.5 and 45.1 +/- 11, respectively. SLE patients fared significantly worse than age matched norms from the general US population for women (p = 0.0001) in all 8 domains. Their quality of life was significantly worse than for those with hypertension, diabetes, or myocardial infarction in all domains (p < 0.004). Patients with CHF were no worse than those with SLE in regard to physical function, role-physical, role-emotional, and vitality. CHF patients fared significantly better in mental health, bodily pain, social functioning, and general health, compared to patients with SLE. Patients with depression were significantly impaired in role-emotional and mental health domains (p = 0.0001) compared to SLE patients, but were no worse (role-physical, vitality, and social functioning) and even better (physical function, bodily pain, and general health) in some. General health of SLE patients was significantly lower than all comparative groups. HRQOL of patients with SLE seems to be significantly worse and affects all health domains at an earlier age in comparison to patients with some other common chronic diseases.
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            Psychiatric symptoms in systemic lupus erythematosus: a systematic review.

            Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) presents with psychiatric symptoms in most patients that often remain undiagnosed and untreated. This study evaluates the prevalence of psychiatric symptoms in SLE on the basis of clinical trials that fulfilled diagnostic criteria specified by the American College of Rheumatology (ACR). Current hypotheses explaining the pathogenesis of psychiatric symptoms of lupus are reviewed to gain new insights into the neuroimmune pathogenesis of other psychiatric disorders. A MEDLINE search of the literature (English language only) from April 1999 to August 2011 was performed using the search terms lupus and psychiatric to identify studies of neuropsychiatric SLE. Of 163 publications, 18 clinical studies were selected that focused on psychiatric symptoms, had a sample size of at least 20, and included patients of any age or gender as long as they fulfilled ACR criteria for neuropsychiatric SLE. The following data were extracted: author name, year of publication, psychiatric diagnostic method, total number of patients with SLE, and percentage of patients with individual psychiatric diagnoses. The point prevalence of psychiatric symptoms was calculated for neuropsychiatric SLE diagnoses in every study included. Psychiatric symptoms are present in the majority of patients with SLE. Depression (in up to 39% of patients) and cognitive dysfunction (up to 80%) are the most common psychiatric manifestations. Genetic and environmental factors (eg, ultraviolet light, retroviruses, and medications) may play a role in the pathogenesis. In addition, the patient's reaction to the illness may result in anxiety (up to 24%) and depression. Currently known biomarkers are nonspecific for neuropsychiatric SLE and indicate inflammation, microglial activation, ischemia, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. Identification of lupus-specific biomarkers of psychiatric symptoms is a high priority. Our current diagnostic assessment methods need improvement. Development of evidence-based guidelines is needed to improve diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of disabling psychiatric complications in lupus. © Copyright 2012 Physicians Postgraduate Press, Inc.
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              Illness perceptions: a new paradigm for psychosomatics?

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                Author and article information

                Contributors
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Role: ND
                Journal
                rcre
                Revista Colombiana de Reumatología
                Rev.Colomb.Reumatol.
                Asociación Colombiana de Reumatología (Bogotá, Distrito Capital, Colombia )
                0121-8123
                March 2017
                : 24
                : 1
                : 11-17
                Affiliations
                [2] Chía orgnameUniversidad de La Sabana orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Área de Salud Mental Colombia
                [3] Chía orgnameUniversidad de La Sabana orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Área de Epidemiología Colombia
                [1] Chía orgnameUniversidad de La Sabana orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Reumatología e Inmunología Colombia
                [4] Chía orgnameUniversidad de La Sabana orgdiv1Facultad de Medicina orgdiv2Departamento de Reumatología e Inmunología Colombia
                Article
                S0121-81232017000100011
                10.1016/j.rcreu.2016.11.001
                1e764306-b880-4c30-bd34-36d14ccd4e9f

                This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

                History
                : 03 April 2016
                : 01 November 2016
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 0, Equations: 0, References: 20, Pages: 7
                Product

                SciELO Colombia


                Perception,focus groups,systemic lupus erythematosus,Percepción,Grupos focales,Lupus eritematoso sistémico

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