Psychometric Properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) in a Sample of Active Health Care Professionals in Spain

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Abstract

Purpose

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the working, personal and health conditions of health professionals has been highlighted, although it is necessary to verify whether certain instruments used in research on this topic have sufficient psychometric support for their use. This need was the main motivation for undertaking the present study. We aimed to analyse the psychometric properties of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-9) in a sample of active health care workers during the pandemic.

Patients and Methods

A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to August 2020 with 2326 active health care workers (78.7% women). The instruments that were applied included the UWES-9 scale, the Sense of Coherence scale (SOC-13), the Goldberg General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and an item on self-perceived health.

Results

The three-factor structure related to the correlation of pairs of errors presented the best fit. The reliability of the UWES-9 was highlighted by the adequate internal consistency of the items, the existence of invariance according to gender, and its convergent and discriminant validity.

Conclusion

The findings of this work support the use of the UWES-9 to assess the work engagement of health personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic and identify it as an adequate measure of this psychological variable and the constructs that comprise it.

Related collections

Most cited references 50

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Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives

Li‐tze Hu, Peter M. Bentler (1999)

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Is Open Access

Immediate Psychological Responses and Associated Factors during the Initial Stage of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) Epidemic among the General Population in China

Cuiyan Wang, Riyu Pan, Xiaoyang Wan … (2020)

Background: The 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) epidemic is a public health emergency of international concern and poses a challenge to psychological resilience. Research data are needed to develop evidence-driven strategies to reduce adverse psychological impacts and psychiatric symptoms during the epidemic. The aim of this study was to survey the general public in China to better understand their levels of psychological impact, anxiety, depression, and stress during the initial stage of the COVID-19 outbreak. The data will be used for future reference. Methods: From 31 January to 2 February 2020, we conducted an online survey using snowball sampling techniques. The online survey collected information on demographic data, physical symptoms in the past 14 days, contact history with COVID-19, knowledge and concerns about COVID-19, precautionary measures against COVID-19, and additional information required with respect to COVID-19. Psychological impact was assessed by the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and mental health status was assessed by the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21). Results: This study included 1210 respondents from 194 cities in China. In total, 53.8% of respondents rated the psychological impact of the outbreak as moderate or severe; 16.5% reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms; 28.8% reported moderate to severe anxiety symptoms; and 8.1% reported moderate to severe stress levels. Most respondents spent 20–24 h per day at home (84.7%); were worried about their family members contracting COVID-19 (75.2%); and were satisfied with the amount of health information available (75.1%). Female gender, student status, specific physical symptoms (e.g., myalgia, dizziness, coryza), and poor self-rated health status were significantly associated with a greater psychological impact of the outbreak and higher levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Specific up-to-date and accurate health information (e.g., treatment, local outbreak situation) and particular precautionary measures (e.g., hand hygiene, wearing a mask) were associated with a lower psychological impact of the outbreak and lower levels of stress, anxiety, and depression (p < 0.05). Conclusions: During the initial phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in China, more than half of the respondents rated the psychological impact as moderate-to-severe, and about one-third reported moderate-to-severe anxiety. Our findings identify factors associated with a lower level of psychological impact and better mental health status that can be used to formulate psychological interventions to improve the mental health of vulnerable groups during the COVID-19 epidemic.

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Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sofia Pappa, Vasiliki Ntella, Timoleon Giannakas … (2020)

Highlights • At least one in five healthcare professionals report symptoms of depression and anxiety. • Almost four in 10 healthcare workers experience sleeping difficulties and/or insomnia. • Rates of anxiety and depression were higher for female healthcare workers and nursing staff. • Milder mood symptoms are common and screening should aim to identify mild and sub-threshold syndromes.

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Author and article information

Journal

Journal ID (nlm-ta): Psychol Res Behav Manag

Journal ID (iso-abbrev): Psychol Res Behav Manag

Journal ID (publisher-id): prbm

Title: Psychology Research and Behavior Management

Publisher: Dove

ISSN (Electronic): 1179-1578

Publication date (Electronic): 30 November 2022

Publication date Collection: 2022

Volume: 15

Pages: 3461-3472

Affiliations

[1 ]Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía , Dos Hermanas, Seville, Spain

[2 ]Department of Nursing, University of Seville , Seville, Spain

[3 ]Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, University of Huelva , Huelva, Spain

[4 ]Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo , Guayaquil, Ecuador

Author notes

Correspondence: Carmen Rodríguez-Domínguez, Department of Psychology, Universidad Loyola Andalucía , Avenida de las Universidades s/n, Dos Hermanas, Seville, 41007, Spain, Tel +34 955 641 600 (Ext. 2625), Email mcrodriguez@uloyola.es

Author information

Carmen Rodríguez-Domínguez http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3467-8920

Regina Allande-Cussó http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8325-0838

Juan Jesús García-Iglesias http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4074-0399

Article

Publisher ID: 387242

DOI: 10.2147/PRBM.S387242

PMC ID: 9719711

PubMed ID: 36474956

SO-VID: 1ed715cf-045a-4ae5-a69d-6e8893ac5c2e

License:

This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited. The full terms of this license are available at https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php and incorporate the Creative Commons Attribution – Non Commercial (unported, v3.0) License ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/). By accessing the work you hereby accept the Terms. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed. For permission for commercial use of this work, please see paragraphs 4.2 and 5 of our Terms ( https://www.dovepress.com/terms.php).

History

Date received : 01 September 2022

Date accepted : 15 November 2022

Page count

Figures: 4, Tables: 6, References: 53, Pages: 12

Funding

Funded by: no specific grant;

This research received no specific grant from any funding agency, commercial or not-for-profit sectors.