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      Evaluación del impacto de una intervención para mejorar las coberturas de vacunación frente a neumococo en pacientes con VIH Translated title: Impact of an intervention to improve the vaccination coverage against streptococcus pneumoniae in hiv patients

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          RESUMEN

          Fundamentos:

          Las personas infectadas por el virus de la inmunodeficiencia humana (VIH) presentan riesgo elevado de sufrir la enfermedad neumocócica invasiva, motivo por el que se recomienda su vacunación frente al neumococo. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el impacto de implementar una consulta hospitalaria de vacunas en las coberturas de vacunación de estos pacientes.

          Métodos:

          Se elaboró un estudio cuasiexperimental sin grupo control, de tipo antes/después, en el que se realizó un muestreo de casos consecutivos de pacientes con VIH remitidos a nuestra consulta entre el 1 noviembre de 2014 y el 30 junio de 2018. Las coberturas en el momento de la fecha de la cita para la valoración de su estado vacunal (en nuestra consulta) y después de ser atendido se compararon usando la prueba chi-cuadrado. Como referencia se utilizaron las del momento de la fecha de la primera cita.

          Resultados:

          Se analizaron 209 pacientes, en los que se obtuvieron mejoras estadísticamente significativas en sus coberturas vacunales: 2,9% en el momento de la fecha de la cita para la valoración en nuestra consulta y 88% después de ser atendidos en nuestra consulta (RR (IC95%)= 30,7 (13,92-67,58)) para la vacuna antineumocócica conjugada 13-valente, y 16,3% en el momento de la primera cita y 83,7% después de ser atendidos en nuestra consulta (RR (IC95%)=5,2 (3,76-7,04)) para la vacuna antineumocócica polisacárida 23-valente.

          Conclusiones:

          Implementar una consulta hospitalaria de vacunas representa una intervención efectiva para mejorar las coberturas de vacunación frente al neumococo en pacientes con VIH.

          ABSTRACT

          Background:

          People affected by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have a higher risk of invasive pneumococcal disease. Therefore, vaccination against streptococcus pneumoniae is recommended for that group. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of implementing a hospital appointment to assess vaccination status as part of the vaccination schedule of HIV patients.

          Methods:

          We carried out a quasi-experimental uncontrolled before and after study with a sampling of consecutive cases of HIV patients referred to our department from November 1, 2014 to June 30, 2018. The study compared the vaccination coverage on the date of the appointment for an assessment of their vaccination status in our department and after the appointment. The analysis used the chi-squared test and the values on the date of the first appointment were taken as a reference.

          Results:

          209 patients were analyzed, and a statistically significant improvement was observed regarding their vaccination coverage: 2.9% of the patients had been vaccinated on the date in which they made an appointment for assessment by our department, and 88.0% were vaccinated after they left (OR (95%CI): 30.7 (13.92-67.58)) with the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine; and 16.3% had been vaccinated on the date they made the first appointment vs. 83.7% after they came to the appointment (OR (95%CI): 5.2 (3.76-7.04)) with the 23-valent polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine.

          Conclusions:

          Implementing a hospital appointment for vaccination is an effective intervention to improve vaccination coverage against streptococcus pneumoniae in HIV patients.

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          Most cited references31

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          Improving Chronic Illness Care: Translating Evidence Into Action

          The growing number of persons suffering from major chronic illnesses face many obstacles in coping with their condition, not least of which is medical care that often does not meet their needs for effective clinical management, psychological support, and information. The primary reason for this may be the mismatch between their needs and care delivery systems largely designed for acute illness. Evidence of effective system changes that improve chronic care is mounting. We have tried to summarize this evidence in the Chronic Care Model (CCM) to guide quality improvement. In this paper we describe the CCM, its use in intensive quality improvement activities with more than 100 health care organizations, and insights gained in the process.
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            The use and interpretation of quasi-experimental studies in medical informatics.

            Quasi-experimental study designs, often described as nonrandomized, pre-post intervention studies, are common in the medical informatics literature. Yet little has been written about the benefits and limitations of the quasi-experimental approach as applied to informatics studies. This paper outlines a relative hierarchy and nomenclature of quasi-experimental study designs that is applicable to medical informatics intervention studies. In addition, the authors performed a systematic review of two medical informatics journals, the Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association (JAMIA) and the International Journal of Medical Informatics (IJMI), to determine the number of quasi-experimental studies published and how the studies are classified on the above-mentioned relative hierarchy. They hope that future medical informatics studies will implement higher level quasi-experimental study designs that yield more convincing evidence for causal links between medical informatics interventions and outcomes.
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              Use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine for adults with immunocompromising conditions: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP).

              (2012)
              On June 20, 2012, the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) recommended routine use of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13; Prevnar 13, Wyeth Pharmaceuticals, Inc., a subsidiary of Pfizer, Inc.) for adults aged ≥19 years with immunocompromising conditions, functional or anatomic asplenia, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks, or cochlear implants. PCV13 should be administered to eligible adults in addition to the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23; Pneumovax 23, Merck & Co. Inc.), the vaccine currently recommended for these groups of adults. The evidence for the benefits and risk of PCV13 vaccination of adults with immunocompromising conditions was evaluated using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) framework and designated as a Category A recommendation. This report outlines the new ACIP recommendations for PCV13 use; explains the recommendations for the use of PCV13 and PPSV23 among adults with immunocompromising conditions, functional or anatomic asplenia, CSF leaks, or cochlear implants; and summarizes the evidence considered by ACIP to make its recommendations.
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                Author and article information

                Journal
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                Rev Esp Salud Publica
                resp
                Revista Española de Salud Pública
                Ministerio de Sanidad, Consumo y Bienestar social
                1135-5727
                2173-9110
                07 September 2020
                Jan-Dec 2019
                : 93
                : e201912114
                Affiliations
                [1 ] originalServicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa. Zaragoza. España. orgnameHospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa orgdiv1Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública Zaragoza, España
                Author notes
                Correspondencia: Ignacio Hernández-García. Servicio de Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública. Hospital Clínico Universitario Lozano Blesa. Avda. San Juan Bosco, 15. 50009 Zaragoza, España. ignaciohernandez79@ 123456yahoo.es

                Los autores declaran que no existe ningún conflicto de interés.

                [*]

                Colaboradores: Jose Ignacio García-Montero, Purificación Prieto, Rosa Mareca, Javier Moliner, Ignacio Barrasa y Manuela Félix

                Article
                e201912114
                11582787
                31782756
                1f04d880-fb7e-4b5d-b966-63da461788cd

                This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License. You are free to Share (copy and redistribute the material in any medium or format) under the following terms: Attribution (You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use); NonCommercial (You may not use the material for commercial purposes); NoDerivatives (If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you may not distribute the modified material); No additional restrictions (You may not apply legal terms or technological measures that legally restrict others from doing anything the license permits).

                History
                : 08 November 2019
                : 19 November 2019
                : 02 December 2019
                Page count
                Figures: 0, Tables: 2, Equations: 0, References: 28
                Categories
                Originales Breves

                cobertura de vacunación,vacunas antineumocócicas,vih,vaccination coverage,pneumococcal vaccines,hiv

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